Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; swinging-vane rotary pump; spur gear and lantern; worm and worm gear; lantern and crown gear; slotted-head screw.

Mechanics: hand crank; spur gear and lantern; worm and worm gear; lantern and crown gear; flywheel; lewis.

Powered by concealed bellows or a person blowing into a pipe feeding into the base of the vase. Cross-section shows inner system, which relies on changes in air and water pressure to force air through hidden flutes to…

Barrels of earth and debris can be thrown into the moat from under the front of the machine as a decoy to distract from the doubled-over bridge, which can be unfolded quickly and unexpectedly.

Mechanics: winch; hand…

Bridge composed of broad-bottomed boats, paddled via an internal crank, positioned with a rudder, and fastened together.

Monogrammed "JG" on rock at lower right.

Mechanics: horizontal crankshaft.

Mechanics: horizontal submerged waterwheel; force pump; flap valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; worm and worm gear; lantern and rack.

Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; machine crank; force pump; chain equalizer; horizontal working beam.

Can be operated by a single person, easily and with little noise.

Mechanics: hand crank; worm and worm gear; lantern and rack.

Mechanics: hand crank; horizontal crankshaft; lift pump; worm and worm gear; lantern and crown gear; crank and connecting rod; flywheel.

Can be operated by a single person, easily and with little noise.

Mechanics: hand crank; spur gear and lantern; worm and worm gear; lantern and rack.

Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; interrupted lanterns and spur gear sectors; chain equalizer.

Mechanics: hand crank; lift pump; grooved eccentric cam; horizontal working beam; roller guides.

Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; force pump; interrupted lantern and racks; chain equalizer; roller guides.

Mechanics: horizontal submerged waterwheel; force pump; conical valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; spur gear and lantern; horizontal working beam.

Mechanics: vertical crankshaft; bucket; lantern and crown gear; flywheel.

Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; toroidal force pump; flap valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; lantern and crown gear; roller guides.

Entire machine rotates on a wheel in the base.

Mechanics: hand crank; spur gear and lantern; worm and worm gear; roller thrust bearing.

Mechanics: hand crank; force pump.

Millstone can be raised and lowered by a lever.

Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; lantern and crown gear.

Left: for lifting stones, mortar, and other construction materials for large buildings. Right: for lifting bales, barrels, and other merchandise from a ship.

Mechanics: inertia chain; worm and worm gear.

Mechanics: hand crank; swinging-vane rotary pump; spur gear and lantern.

Mechanics: hand crank; force pump; conical valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; worm and worm gear; lantern and crown gear; horizontal working beam; flywheel.

Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; chain of buckets.

Mechanics: horizontal submerged waterwheel; force pump; flap valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; spur gear and lantern; worm and worm gear; motion converter (rotating to linear).