Featured Topics

Water

336 items

This digital collection features a broad spectrum of materials related to water quality, testing, and analysis, including advertisements, museum objects, oral history interviews, photographs, and print materials. Other subjects represented in the collection include distillation and filtration, water-power, water-hardness and softening, and the extraction of magnesium from seawater.

Rare books, Engravings

Plate 74: Single-person-operated device for drawing water from a well
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: horizontal spoked treadwheel; conical valve; worm and worm gear; lantern and crown gear; motion converter (rotating to linear).
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Wells, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 119: Grain mill powered by channel current
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Millstone can be raised or lowered by a wedge. This mill grinds and sifts flour at same time.

Mechanics: overshot waterwheel; lantern and crown gear.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Water-power, Mills and mill-work, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 45: Device for raising water from a canal, river, or spring
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; noria; Archimedean screw; angle crown gears; lantern and crown gear.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Water-power, Water-wheels, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 38: Device for raising water from a spring by channel current
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: overshot waterwheel; sliding-vane rotary pump.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Water-power, Rotary pumps, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 82: Single-person-operated device for drawing water from a very deep well
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: hand crank; bucket; spur gear and lantern; flywheel.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Wells, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 9: Device for raising water from a low place by river current
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; force pump; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; lantern and rack; lantern and crown gear; roller guides.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Water-power, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 4: Device for raising water from a river
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; force pump; conical valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; spur gear and lantern; horizontal working beam.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Water-power, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 59: Single-person-operated device for drawing water from a well
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: horizontal spoked treadwheel; force pump; conical valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; spur gear and lantern; horizontal working beam.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Wells, Machinery, Hand pumps
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 41: Device for raising water from a river
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; noria; spur gear and lantern.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Water-power, Water-wheels, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 30: Single-person-operated device for drawing water from a well
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: hand crank; horizontal crankshaft; lift pump; horizontal working beam; crank and connecting rod; flywheel.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Wells, Machinery, Hand pumps
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 37: Single-person-operated device for drawing water from a well
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
The man looking out of the grilled window in the background foreshadows the section on screw-jacks (Plates 154–167).

Mechanics: machine crank; inertia chain; lift pump; flap valve.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Wells, Machinery, Hand pumps
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 56: Single-person-operated device for drawing water from a well or cistern
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
This device uses a paternoster pump, named for its resemblance to a rosary. Also known as a "rag and chain" pump or a "rubber bucket chain" pump.

Mechanics: hand crank; paternoster chain pump; flywheel.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Cisterns, Wells, Machinery, Hand pumps
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 29: Device for raising water from a river, pond, or lake by river or canal current
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: horizontal submerged waterwheel; horizontal crankshaft; lift pump; spur gear and lantern; lantern and crown gear; horizontal working beam; crank and connecting rod.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Water-power, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 52: Single-person-operated device for drawing water from a well
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: hand crank; swinging-vane rotary pump; spur gear and lantern; worm and worm gear; lantern and crown gear; flywheel; slotted-head screw.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Wells, Rotary pumps, Machinery, Hand pumps
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 27: Device for raising water from a low place by river or canal current
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; lift pump; grooved eccentric cam; horizontal working beam; roller guides.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Water-power, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 32: Single-person-operated device for raising water from a well or cistern
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: hand crank; force pump; flap valve; interrupted lanterns and spur gear sectors; chain equalizer; flywheel.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Cisterns, Wells, Machinery, Hand pumps, Reciprocating pumps
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 96: Device for raising water from a river or pool by river current
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
The water is not enclosed within this device.

Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; noria; rocking troughs; interrupted lantern and racks; chain equalizer.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Water-power, Water-wheels, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 58: Device for raising water from a river
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; force pump; conical valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; worm and worm gear; horizontal working beam; bell crank.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Water-power, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 116: Grain mill powered by water running off an elevated pool or fountain
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
The water is then pumped back to the source.

Mechanics: overshot waterwheel; horizontal crankshaft; force pump; lantern and crown gear; crank and connecting rod.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Water-power, Mills and mill-work, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 51: Device for raising river, canal, or pond water by river current
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; swinging-vane rotary pump; spur gear and lantern; worm and worm gear; lantern and crown gear; slotted-head screw.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Water-power, Rotary pumps, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 63: Device for raising water from a canal
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; force pump; conical valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; spur gear and lantern; motion converter (rotating to linear).
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Water-power, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 70: Device for raising water from a canal
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; force pump; interrupted lantern and racks; chain equalizer; roller guides.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Water-power, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 36: Device for raising water from a low place by river current
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
Mechanics: undershot waterwheel; machine crank; force pump; chain equalizer; horizontal working beam.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Water-power, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 91: Single-person-operated device for drawing water from a very deep well
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
This device requires a relatively small amount of rope.

Mechanics: hand crank; bucket; flywheel.
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Wells, Machinery
Rare books, Engravings

Plate 64: Single-person-operated device for drawing water from a well
- Part of Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli
- 1588
The well is decorated with a monstrous female figure who gazes in the mirror and dispenses water from her breasts.

Mechanics: hand crank; force pump; conical valve; double interrupted crown gears and lantern gear; spur…
- Author Ramelli, Agostino, 1531-approximately 1600
- Subject Pumping machinery, Reciprocating pumps, Wells, Machinery, Hand pumps

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