Hand-colored engraving by J. Pass after the drawing by Henry Lascelles for the section on "Chemistry." From Volume 4 of the Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature,…

Hand-colored engraving by J. Pass after the drawing by Henry Lascelles for the section on "Chemistry." From Volume 4 of the Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature,…

A busy chemical workshop with a man in furred collar and physician’s cap, examines a flask, conducting a medical diagnostic or urinoscopy. He consults an open book while at right a woman and a man await results. In…

An iatrochemist performs a uroscopy, examining a small glass flask, while other activities take place in his busy workshop. A woman is waiting for her diagnosis, having brought the flask of urine in the wicker basket…

A portrait of a man (possibly Athalante Legrand, a French mathematician) in academic dress seated with his right arm on a ledge, pointing to a geometric diagram.

This etching by Francesco Pedro, for Nicollo Cavalli of Venice, reproduces a painting by Francesco Maggiotto. The scene shows four individuals in a humble workroom, gathered around a brazier full of coals. The central…

An oval bust-length portrait of the German chemist, physicist, and biologist Franz Karl Achard (1753–1821).

An oval bust-length portrait of D. Alexander Nicolaus Scherer.

Large workshop with many sculpted busts and figures. At left in front of window, a well-dressed seated man at table with open book. Celestial globe in center, and to right a seated man painting at easel holds pallet and…

The labors of an elderly alchemist are closely watched by a monkey which perches on the window above. The alchemist busies himself investigating samples wrapped in paper or notes in a cluttered workshop. The floor at…

In the apothecary's workshop a man pours liquid from a jar into blue earthenware vessels. He is surrounded by copper bowls, jars, and sacks of endive and other herbs and vegetables likely used for medical preparations…

Hand-colored engraving by J. Pass after the drawing by Henry Lascelles for the section on "Chemistry." From Volume 4 of the Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature,…

Hand-colored engraving by J. Pass after the drawing by Henry Lascelles for the section on "Chemistry." From Volume 4 of the Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature,…

Hand-colored engraving by J. Pass after the drawing by Henry Lascelles for the section on "Chemistry." From Volume 4 of the Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature,…

Hand-colored engraving by J. Pass after the drawing by Henry Lascelles for the section on "Chemistry." From Volume 4 of the Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature,…

In this small copy of a larger painting by David Teniers II (artist unknown), a bearded physician examines a flask of urine as his patient, a middle-aged woman, looks on thoughtfully. Before him is an open book, likely…

This etching, by the Italian engraver and etcher Giuseppe [Joseph] Longhi, reproduces a work by the Dutch master of chiaroscuro, Rembrandt van Rijn. The original painting traveled to France in the 18th century and…

An oval bust-length portrait of Francis Lord Bacon (1561–1626), the English philosopher, lawyer, statesman, author, and scientist. Beneath is a rectangular image of a man seated on the left and standing figures on the…

This print reproduces a scene originally painted by David Teniers, in a strongly tenebrist manner, showing the alchemist in a shadowed room beneath the light of a single window. Engaged in reading, the alchemist may be…

A portrait of a seated Matthew Boulton (1728–1809), a British industrialist and entrepreneur. He is seated in front of a window, holding a magnifying glass and a coin. In the background is a large building.

Seated at a table, a well-dressed medical alchemist examines a flask he holds aloft. Opposite, a young man and woman anxiously await his diagnosis. Urinoscopy, or the visual examination of urine for diagnosis, was a…

This mezzotint print portrait of Jesse Ramsden was produced by printmaker John Jones after a painting by Robert Home at the Royal Society. Ramsden (1735–1800) was an English mathematician, and an astronomical and…

An engraving by F. Basan, after the painting by David Teniers II. The inscription below this work, Le Grimoire d'Hypocrate, refers to Hippocrates, a Greek physician often called the father of medicine in Western…

This engraving by J. Tardieu reproduces a painting of the same subject by David Teniers II. An older man with a lined, wizened face sits in a chair before a table, intently reading an open book. Before him sits a globe,…

This print, after a 1639 etching by Rembrandt, shows a well-dressed man of middle age seated before a pair of scales and an open ledger. He hands his young assistant a bag as customers stand waiting nearby. The scene is…