00:00:00 Hello, good afternoon. Can I have your attention? I hope you enjoyed your lunch. We are here

00:00:27 today to honor innovation and there is no better way than the first Gordon E. Moore Award, named in

00:00:34 the honor of Intel co-founder and chairman emeritus. Award recognizes extraordinary innovation by an

00:00:43 industrial scientist early in his or her career. An innovation that has a positive influence on

00:00:51 the quality of life, has commercial impact, and eliminates emerging areas of applied chemistry.

00:00:59 No better to talk about the award and the person who will receive it today than Jim Elder,

00:01:09 chairman of the SCI Medal Committee. Jim is vice president of operations and technology at

00:01:16 Selenese in Dallas. Jim led the committee of fellow CTOs from Air Products, Dow, DuPont,

00:01:23 Nova, Romanhas, and representatives from the Chemical Heritage Foundation to develop this award.

00:01:30 Jim. Thank you, Raj, and thanks to the Chemical Heritage Foundation for hosting this Innovation

00:01:43 Day in their truly first-class facility. On behalf of my colleagues on the Moore Medal Committee,

00:01:49 I would also like to welcome you here today. Would the other members of the committee please stand as

00:01:55 I call your name? Miles Drake of Air Products, Manny Subramanian of Dow, Ed Wasserman of DuPont,

00:02:04 Paul Clark of Nova, Gary Calabrese of Romanhas, and of course Arnold Thackeray representing the

00:02:11 Chemical Heritage Foundation. Eighteen months ago, the medal that will be presented in a few

00:02:25 moments was only a concept. In early 2003, two members of the SCI Executive Committee asked us

00:02:34 to explore a new award that would complement the Perking Medal and recognize mid-career

00:02:40 individuals who are leading us into new domains for the chemical industry. They were particularly

00:02:46 interested in leveraging this new award to reinvigorate interest in our industry among

00:02:51 high school and college students by educating them on the full breadth of impact of chemicals on our

00:02:57 daily lives. Our committee challenges were quite clear. Establish a set of criteria focused on a

00:03:04 breakthrough innovation that provides significant value either by creating a new market, expanding

00:03:10 an existing one, or commercializing a new technology. Develop a nomination process and identify

00:03:19 candidates who not only meet this criteria but do so relatively early in their careers. And finally,

00:03:26 identify a name for the award that is widely recognized and embodies breakthrough innovation

00:03:32 in an emerging area of applied chemistry. I hope you will agree that we have met each of these

00:03:40 challenges and I'm pleased to be part of the ceremony today that translates this early 2003

00:03:46 concept into reality. In just a few minutes, Dr. George Barkley will be awarded the first ever SCI

00:03:55 Gordon E. Moore Medal. If you're familiar with Dr. Barkley's work in the electronic materials

00:04:01 industry or if you've ever had the pleasure to work with him in the Roman Haas Laboratories in

00:04:06 Marlborough, Massachusetts, then you will know that the committee could not have chosen a candidate

00:04:12 that better exemplifies both the letter and spirit of the SCI Gordon Moore Medal. George, now an R&D

00:04:20 manager, joined the Shipley Company in 1991 following work as a postdoc at Cornell University

00:04:26 and obtaining his PhD in chemistry from Strathclyde University in Scotland. His initial

00:04:32 research at Shipley Company, which was gradually acquired by Roman Haas in the 80s and early 90s,

00:04:37 was on photocatalysts for microlithography. George Barkley's early work on microlithography

00:04:44 prepared him well for his breakthrough innovation on a new class of turf polymers used to make deep

00:04:50 UV photoresist, an advanced photoresist needed to build today's powerful semiconductors.

00:04:56 These photoresists have enabled the semiconductors industry ongoing march to smaller and faster

00:05:03 integrated circuits or chips that are used today, as we all know, in cell phones, personal computers,

00:05:09 DVD players, and thousands of other electronic marvels. From a commercial perspective, the

00:05:15 creativity of George and his team of scientists and engineers has proven to be enormously

00:05:21 successful. Turf polymer technology is currently used in more than 40% of the $300 million plus

00:05:27 deep UV photoresist market. There are many guests in this audience from Roman Haas who are proud

00:05:34 of George and his accomplishments, but I'm sure one is just a little more proud than the rest.

00:05:39 Her name is Deneen Barkley, George's wife, who also works for Roman Haas and Marlboro. We're

00:05:46 happy she's here with us today. George and Deneen are the proud parents of a four-year-old girl, Tatum.

00:05:59 Although I don't know if George has yet turned over his cell phone to Tatum, I'm quite sure she is

00:06:05 already very comfortable in front of a computer or digital TV. I suspect she also has multiple

00:06:12 electronic games that make learning fun and exciting. In just a few years, Deneen and George's

00:06:19 daughter will come to realize that all of these wonderful electronic games and tools were made

00:06:25 possible in part by the creative spirit and innovative ideas of her dad, and she too will be

00:06:32 very proud. Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of the Society of Chemical Industry and our Moore

00:06:37 Medal Committee, I'm honored to recognize Dr. George Barkley as the first recipient of the SCI

00:06:43 Gordon E. Moore Medal. His innovation is clearly in one of the emerging areas of applied chemistry

00:06:49 and perfectly illustrates the breadth of impact of chemistry on our daily lives, and not just

00:06:56 with high schoolers and college students, but with people all ages, including preschoolers like Tatum.

00:07:03 And now, Raj Gupta will introduce our very special guest this afternoon, the gentleman for whom our

00:07:12 Moore Medal is named and who will present the award to George. Thank you.

00:07:16 Thank you, Jim, and the fact that I'm chair of SCI America has nothing to do with George Barkley

00:07:29 winning this award. Before we present the award to George, let me say a few words about the medal's

00:07:38 namesake, Gordon E. Moore. A humble man, and I can vouch for it, I sat with him just on that table

00:07:43 yesterday night for about three hours and had a conversation this morning, but he considers himself

00:07:48 so lucky to have been in the right place at the right time. I would say it's one thing to be in

00:07:55 the right place, but it takes a true genius to see the opportunity and take advantage of it. Gordon

00:08:02 has done all of this and more. He first came across the notion of semiconductors and silicon

00:08:09 processing in 1956, just two years after graduating with his PhD in physics and chemistry from Caltech.

00:08:17 He was blessed to be able to work with geniuses, genius colleagues like William Shockley, Robert

00:08:25 Noyce, Gene Horny, Ted Hoff, and Masash Toshi Shima, colleagues who saw the birth of the integrated

00:08:34 circuit and later the development and growth of microprocessors. Gordon Moore's work, first as a

00:08:41 scientist and later as a business leader at Intel, has forever changed the life for the better.

00:08:49 Better communication with people around the world. Think about cell phones and emails. I'm sure a bunch

00:08:55 of you have your BlackBerrys with you here. Incredible ability to share and process huge

00:09:01 amounts of data and information. For example, researchers can now instantly access thousands

00:09:09 of libraries around the world and run millions of calculations per second. Incredible advances in

00:09:16 the medical diagnostics, tools, and patient care that has literally saved and is saving millions

00:09:23 of lives. Gordon Moore, the person, is every bit as impressive as his legacy. A caring husband,

00:09:32 father and grandfather, and a man who, along with his wife Betty, who is here, have established a

00:09:38 foundation that supports higher education, scientific research, and worldwide conservation.

00:09:45 In short, SCI is extremely fortunate and very grateful that Gordon Moore has allowed us to

00:09:54 use his name for recognizing young scientists. Thank you, Gordon.

00:09:59 Well, thank you. You know, it's a pleasure to be here today. Getting a medal is an honor. Having

00:10:19 one named after you is really unusual. I really am proud to be here today for the first awarding

00:10:28 of the Moore Medal, and I'm especially happy it's being awarded to a person who's worked in a field

00:10:34 where I have some exposure, if you'll excuse the term. Clearly, the resists that allow us to keep

00:10:46 the technology moving are an extremely important part of the semiconductor technology, and the

00:10:52 contributions that Dr. Barkley has made are an important thing to keep our industry going. With

00:10:59 that, Raj will come up here.

00:11:29 It's a nice medal. Well, thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for that warm welcome. I think one of

00:11:50 the themes that's been going through the past couple of days is that, as you can see, I was

00:11:54 in the right place at the right time. I'd like to extend my thanks to Jim Alder for his kind

00:11:59 introduction, and of course, a special thanks to the Gordon E. Medal Committee, and of course, a

00:12:05 special thanks to which Jim introduced a few moments ago. I know they have invested an awful

00:12:11 lot of time developing the criteria and structure for this award, and more time still working through

00:12:16 the nomination process. I would also like to thank the Society of Chemical Industry chairman, Raj

00:12:23 Gupta, Chemical Heritage Foundation chairman, Vince Calarco, and the CHF's president, Arnold Thackeray.

00:12:30 Thank you all for being here today. There are several others I want to recognize in a few

00:12:35 minutes, but I don't want to move ahead before saying a special thank you to Dr. Moore for

00:12:40 presenting me with the medal that bears his name. Words cannot describe the honor of simply meeting

00:12:46 Dr. Moore, let alone having him present the first SEI Gordon E. Moore Medal. For those of you

00:12:52 working in the electronics materials business like I do, or maybe just electronics buffs, you can

00:12:58 appreciate the significance of having Dr. Moore up here on a dais today. Of course, as you know, Dr.

00:13:05 Moore co-founded the Intel Corporation, but he's also the author of the widely known Moore's Law, in

00:13:11 which he predicted that the number of transistors on a computer chip would double every couple of

00:13:15 years. This law has played an enormous role in the march to faster computers, smaller cell phones,

00:13:21 more powerful electronics, and increasingly sophisticated and less expensive components in

00:13:26 the home, the office, the car, the airplane, and essentially everything that depends upon electronics.

00:13:33 This, of course, would include the large screen, high definition plasma TV that I hope to buy this fall

00:13:38 with the approval of my wife. At least it was worth a try.

00:13:44 In fact, I recently saw a statistic that said the cost of processing power has continued at steady

00:13:52 decline. In 1970, a million instructions per second costs $480. This price tag dropped to $50 in 1985,

00:14:01 and just $4 in 1995, and it continues to drop. We have Dr. Moore's vision and inspiration to thank

00:14:09 for these advancements in processing power, and I personally have to thank him for my job.

00:14:14 If it weren't for Moore's Law constantly pushing for more speed and performance

00:14:18 and perfection, I wonder what I would be doing, as well as thousands of my colleagues,

00:14:23 probably not pursuing advances in electronic materials. So thank you, Dr. Moore.

00:14:29 I also want to recognize my wife, Deneen, who is with me here today. I first met Deneen during

00:14:35 initial development of the terpolymer technology, and I'd like to thank her today for her patience,

00:14:40 as I was always late for our dates because I was in the lab putting something in or out of the oven.

00:14:46 She really hated that oven.

00:14:49 During this time, Deneen was a senior product engineer at Roman Harris Electronic Materials

00:14:54 in charge of commercial products to support Intel. So in both my personal and work life,

00:14:59 Intel has played a large role. In fact, we met on a flight to Santa Clara.

00:15:05 Deneen and our beautiful four-year-old daughter Tatum are a constant source of support,

00:15:09 joy, and inspiration to me. As I was preparing my remarks for today, I read a few other acceptance

00:15:15 speeches from leaders in our industry. After all, this type of recognition is new to me,

00:15:20 and I wanted to see how others have accepted significant awards. As I read through some

00:15:25 speeches, I came across the remarks from Vince Calarco, who received the International Palladium

00:15:29 Medal last year. In his acceptance speech, Vince quoted George Washington. The first U.S. president

00:15:36 said, associate yourself with men of good quality if you esteem your own reputation, for it is

00:15:41 better to be alone than in bad company. I like this quote because it perfectly sums up my feelings

00:15:48 about my work at Roman Harris Electronic Materials, and specifically my work on terpolymer.

00:15:54 As I'm sure you all know, developing a new technology, a new compound, or a new product,

00:15:59 or a major new formulation is never accomplished by one. Rather, it is always the work of many

00:16:04 talented people coming together for a common goal. People have a shared sense of purpose,

00:16:09 who want to succeed as badly as you do, and are willing to roll up their sleeve and get the job

00:16:13 done. To receive the SCI Gordon E. Moore Medal this afternoon is a great honor, and I'm deeply

00:16:19 touched to be its first awardee. But I really accept it today on behalf of a team of scientists,

00:16:25 engineers, technicians, and many other colleagues at Roman Harris, and at some companies companies

00:16:31 with whom we partnered. Were it not for these incredibly talented individuals, I most certainly

00:16:36 would not be standing in front of you here today. At the risk of missing a few names, and unfortunately

00:16:42 I know I will, let me mention those people who made a huge difference in our project.

00:16:47 From the original terpolymer team which initiated and developed the concept, I'd like to recognize

00:16:52 Mike Cronin, a lithography engineer at Roman Harris, who carried out our preliminary imaging

00:16:56 studies, and also Ron Dellaguardia, an IBM lithography engineer who was Mike's counterpart

00:17:01 on the team. The three of us picked up my early idea to use a terpolymer concept to control aqueous

00:17:07 based dissolution behavior, and we ran with it. Together we worked on the first proof concept

00:17:12 to develop and fine-tune the idea, and to understand how to manipulate the design

00:17:17 concept to control the imaging of very fine features. I like to think of myself as a reasonable

00:17:23 chemist in the lab, but for some reason no one allows me to touch a single button on a multi-million

00:17:28 dollar lithography equipment at our Marlborough site. The thought of me in the fab room running

00:17:34 this equipment seems to make people panic and roll with laughter at the same time. I'm not sure why.

00:17:41 So I'm very thankful for the skilled lithographers like Mike and Ron who helped develop this chemistry.

00:17:47 From very early on we worked closely with IBM to develop this new terpolymer system,

00:17:52 and they too played a big part in our success. Hiroshi Ito and Greg Brater, both from IBM,

00:17:57 were instrumental in the development of this technology. Hiroshi, along with Grant Wilson

00:18:01 from the University of Texas at Austin, and Jean Fréchet from UC Berkeley, were co-inventors of

00:18:06 the acid catalyzed deprotection chemistry that is the basis for all present-day cutting-edge

00:18:11 photoresist technology, including terpolymer. These gentlemen are leaders in electronic

00:18:16 materials area and their collaboration was invaluable. After the initial proof of concept,

00:18:22 it was Jim Thackeray, senior Roman Haas fellow and my manager, who saw the intrinsic value of

00:18:27 the terpolymer concept. He led the deep UV product development effort with a large formulation team

00:18:32 of chemists, lithographers, physicists, and a host of engineers specializing in optics,

00:18:37 engineering, and other disciplines. Other colleagues at our Marlborough site who played

00:18:43 very important roles include Jim Cameron, chemist, expert in photo acid generator, and fellow Scott.

00:18:49 Roger Sinter, principal chemist and manager. Tim Adams, Uday Kumar, Ashish Pandya,

00:18:55 chemist who played tremendous synthetic roles. George Ursula and Mike Morey, who brought expertise

00:19:00 in formulation lithography. And finally Tracy Lindsay, an application engineer who worked

00:19:05 closely with our key customers to ensure our products met expectations and specifications.

00:19:09 And I don't want to forget the skilled engineers involved in scale up and supply of our polymer

00:19:13 system. Without their considerable effort, the commercial success of this polymer system

00:19:18 surely would not have been possible. In particular, I want to mention Bob Hoyman,

00:19:22 who played a vital role in development and supply of this polymer, and also Jim Sunick from Dupont

00:19:27 Electronic Materials, our vendor of this polymer, who worked closely with us to develop the manufacturing

00:19:32 process. As I hope you can tell, there was a very large team of talented people,

00:19:39 working on this technology with me, and they all deserve recognition for their expertise and

00:19:44 commitment. So what is terpolymer, and why is it important to lithography in the semiconductor

00:19:49 industry? I'm going to get a little bit technical here. So the principal driver for the development

00:19:56 of terpolymer was surprisingly Moore's law. That is, developing photoresist systems to meet the

00:20:01 requirements for imaging smaller and smaller features, to meet throughout the semiconductor

00:20:07 device, from the critical polysilicon gate layer to the various metal interconnects.

00:20:13 At present, we are imaging 100 nanometer features using 248 lithography, and to put this in

00:20:18 perspective, 100 nanometers is roughly the tenth of the size of a human chromosome.

00:20:23 One of the critical criteria for advanced logic technology, which encompasses microprocessors

00:20:29 such as the Intel Pentium, or IBM PowerPC, or AMD Athlon, is the ability to print these very

00:20:34 small features through pitch. This involves printing densely packed features at the same

00:20:39 time as less dense structures and isolated structures. The aerial image for the various

00:20:43 feature types differs greatly, and as a result, the amount of light reaching the wafer plane is

00:20:48 dependent upon feature density. Since we are relying upon photochemistry to change the

00:20:53 dissolution properties of the photoresist film, it was possible to print dense features or isolated

00:20:58 features, but very difficult to print both at the same time. The ability to image very small features

00:21:04 through pitch with good overlapping process window is key for a number of our key customers,

00:21:09 such as Intel, IBM, Texas Instruments, AMD, Samsung, and Toshiba, to name a few.

00:21:16 This was a key problem that led to the development of the terpolymer system.

00:21:20 The solution we developed was to invent a polymer system in which you could custom design,

00:21:24 at the molecular level, the aqueous-based dissolution properties for the specific device

00:21:28 application. Up until this time, partially blocked homopolymers and copolymers of four

00:21:33 hydroxystyrene had been used in 248 lithography, with limited success for this application.

00:21:39 To the appropriate choice of ballast group, we designed terpolymer systems that enabled the fine

00:21:44 control of the dissolution properties of the exposed and unexposed areas of the photoresist

00:21:49 film. However, defining the correct ballast group, balancing hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, and size

00:21:55 were not trivial, and this took a lot of effort from the team. Once we identified the correct

00:22:00 ballast group styrene, the effect of the molecular composition of the polymer on controlling

00:22:05 dissolution behavior and lithography was investigated. Since its initial development,

00:22:10 the terpolymer concept has been used extensively in 248 microlithography, and optimized for use

00:22:16 in a number of photoresist products at Roman Haas, and other companies too. At present,

00:22:22 the terpolymer system has shown extendability as one of the lead candidates for next-generation

00:22:27 lithography, such as extreme ultraviolet exposure targeting the 32 nanometer node.

00:22:32 Using extreme UV, proof-of-concept imaging has been obtained using a terpolymer down to 30 nanometers.

00:22:39 I can still remember the first lithography that we obtained from one of the initial optimized

00:22:43 terpolymer systems. Jim Thackeray, the manager of the 248 development group, excitedly showed

00:22:49 images of both dense and isolated features and exclaimed, I still have an isolated line,

00:22:54 I can make a business out of this stuff. Prior to this promising lithography, there had been a lot

00:22:59 of quote bad results, but as scientists we all know that there are no bad results,

00:23:05 only experimental results that you learn from and lead you hopefully down the correct path.

00:23:11 At times it's hard to stick with your original concept, given all the pressures involved in this

00:23:15 fast-paced business, but that's just part of the innovation cycle and industry. In this situation,

00:23:21 my advice is to let the science and data keep you focused on your objective

00:23:25 and more often than not it will lead you to your goal. And that brings me to my final comment.

00:23:32 I've been asked several times, often by chemists who are entering their careers,

00:23:35 what is the key to success in this industry? I'm not sure I'm any more qualified to answer

00:23:41 that question than anyone else who's been in the business for 10 to 15 years.

00:23:46 In the electronics industry, a decade is a very long time, with a lot of platforms that come and

00:23:51 go and you become seasoned very quickly. However, if I had to offer advice in a word to a new

00:23:57 chemist, I'd suggest that he or she memorize the word commitment and apply it to nearly everything

00:24:02 they do. Commitment to innovation, never taking your eye off the next breakthrough that's just

00:24:07 around the corner or several years down the road. Commitment to teamwork, understanding that without

00:24:13 the high quality people working with you, your ability to succeed and grow is severely limited.

00:24:19 And perhaps most importantly, your commitment to your very own convictions.

00:24:23 Our industry needs technology leaders who are willing to push conventional wisdom to its limits,

00:24:27 who aren't afraid to take technology to the face of a mountain, look up and have the intellectual

00:24:32 and personal commitment to figure out against all odds how to ascend to the next plateau.

00:24:38 I think tomorrow's successful scientists will be those individuals who emulate the same kind of

00:24:43 passion and convictions that Dr. Moore demonstrated when his Moore law was set into

00:24:48 motion, technical advances that continue even today to bog them out. Ladies and gentlemen,

00:24:55 members of the MEDO committee and the SEI executive committee and Dr. Moore, I am deeply grateful for

00:25:01 this prestigious honor on behalf of all my team members on Ter Palomar and my colleagues at Roman

00:25:06 Haas company. I thank you very much.

00:25:36 Thank you, George, for your remarks. And I'd like to add my congratulations to everybody

00:25:57 else's for your wonderful achievement. My name is Jeff Lipton, and I'm here to introduce

00:26:04 Governor Rendell, who is not sitting at the end of the table.

00:26:11 We understand through the magic of transistors that he will be here in five minutes,

00:26:17 at which time I'll get back up again and introduce the governor. So

00:26:21 please enjoy another cup of coffee, and we'll be back with you in just a few moments.

00:26:25 The use of sound science on safety, health, and environmental issues that affected our industry.

00:26:35 And his response was very simple. He said he had his wedding about 31 years before we talked

00:26:46 at the DuPont Country Club in Wilmington, Delaware.

00:26:49 And they had been very well trained by his wife and her father, who was a long-time DuPont

00:26:58 executive, about the importance of sound science and the benefits chemistry brings to the world.

00:27:06 And so I was convinced. And I have to tell you that since that discussion,

00:27:13 the governor has clearly demonstrated his support for chemical-based industry in Pennsylvania,

00:27:20 and I am very, very pleased that he could be with us on this first of many meetings

00:27:25 of scientists and industry leaders in his city, Philadelphia. Governor, welcome.

00:27:42 Thank you. Thank you very much, and thank you, Jeff. And I do remember that, and

00:27:45 let me just start by responding. I think one of the most important components of

00:27:52 any executive office in politics, mayor, governor, whatever, is the ability to and

00:28:00 the willingness to lead. It's not always the ability. It's the willingness to lead.

00:28:04 And often that willingness to lead translates into trying to persuade people

00:28:09 to accept things that either they're afraid of or fearful of or skeptical of,

00:28:17 or in some cases, accept things that they don't want to do. When I became mayor here in Philadelphia,

00:28:23 we faced the worst budget deficit that any American city had ever faced in terms of percentage of

00:28:29 revenue. And we had to do some very difficult things. Basically, we had to spend the first

00:28:35 18 months saying no to everybody. And my message was that if the people of Pennsylvania – excuse

00:28:42 me, of Philadelphia – I usually make the other mistake. How many times have I said

00:28:50 governor of Philadelphia? But not a very wise thing to say. But I said if the people of

00:28:58 Philadelphia were willing to accept short-run pain that – and we did the things we had to do,

00:29:05 we could envision and hope to all experience long-term gain. And it turned out that because,

00:29:12 not just because I'm so persuasive, but because the conditions were so bad in Philadelphia at that

00:29:17 time, that people accepted that. And one of the best and most joyful things I did in my eight

00:29:24 years was to virtually every interest group – and when I say interest group, I don't mean it in a

00:29:30 demeaning fashion. Most interest groups are interest groups because they want something that

00:29:34 is beneficial. To most of the interest groups that we spent 18 months saying no to, by the

00:29:39 time we reached my sixth and seventh and eighth year as mayor, we were able to say yes to them

00:29:45 and yes to them at a level beyond their wildest expectations and mine. So I believe that that

00:29:51 leadership is important. We have an issue, just to play off of what Jeff – the story Jeff told you,

00:29:58 where we need to take dredge material from the rivers – the Delaware, for example – and place

00:30:12 it somewhere. Sometimes it has a beneficial reuse. For example, the Navy Yard needs it to help build

00:30:16 up foundation. But sometimes it has no beneficial use, no positive use, and you have to put it in,

00:30:23 and we're trying to put it into some abandoned mines in sections of northeast Pennsylvania.

00:30:30 And I said it has no beneficial use. It actually does, because it buttresses those abandoned mines,

00:30:37 it stops the possibility of people, usually children, going into those mines and having

00:30:42 serious and sometimes life-taking accidents, and it presents no real scientific danger to them in

00:30:51 any way. But because it's dredge material, or often called by the name of sludge, people react

00:30:58 very badly to it. And in fact, filling in the mines with sludge helps us deal with problems

00:31:03 like acid mine drainage and the like. It's actually the right thing. It's not only the right

00:31:08 thing because we need to get rid of the material, but it's the right thing. It's a positive result.

00:31:14 People, you know, fear the unknown, and they fear terms like dredge or material or whatever.

00:31:21 You have to persevere. You have to persevere. And too many people in our business demagogue it.

00:31:27 They just say, you know, it's the old Voltaire quote, find out where my people are going so I can

00:31:32 lead them. And there's too much. I think Voltaire said it a little better than that.

00:31:42 And so sound science exists. And I'm going to talk, when I get into the serious part of my speech,

00:31:51 and my speech is going to be brief, but when I do, I'm going to talk about clean coal technology.

00:31:56 Well, if you polled a lot of people, particularly people, and my good friends in the environmental

00:32:01 movement, and they are my good friends, and as Jeff knows, I got the unanimous endorsement of

00:32:05 all of them, they don't believe there's such a thing as clean coal technology. Well, they're

00:32:10 wrong. And clean coal technology may hold the key for not only the future of business and economic

00:32:18 growth here in Pennsylvania, but maybe perhaps throughout the entire nation. And you have to

00:32:23 persevere, and you have to continue to try to persuade, and you have to continue. And sometimes

00:32:27 you have to say, okay, I've explained it to you. If you don't buy it, the next election is November

00:32:34 7th, 2006, and you'll have your chance to vote against me. And that's all you can do. But that's

00:32:40 what I believe leadership is about, not only taking right positions, but taking difficult

00:32:46 positions and trying to make people understand about those positions. Well, in any event,

00:32:52 welcome to Philadelphia, and it's great news that this meeting is going to be held, at least for

00:32:57 the foreseeable future here in Philadelphia. I spent, as Jeff said, eight years as mayor of

00:33:01 Philadelphia, and those were wonderful, joyful, and prideful years, pride in what we accomplished

00:33:08 together as a city. And I greeted virtually, I tried to greet virtually every group, every conference,

00:33:13 every exhibition that came into the city. I spent more time in the convention center than I did at

00:33:18 home. And I would always try to give the group some handy tips, you know, for example, if you're

00:33:25 going to be around for a few days, the National Center for the Constitution is absolutely

00:33:30 spectacular, and you shouldn't miss it. You shouldn't leave Philadelphia without visiting it.

00:33:35 If you saw all of the exhibits, and they're all interactive, it would take you 17 and a half hours.

00:33:40 But in one hour, you can see the 17 and a half minute opening show. It's a show with live actors

00:33:47 as well as film and video, and it's an incredibly moving experience. And then the exhibits, and

00:33:56 there's a signers hall where there's an exact sculpture, the exact height and size and dimension

00:34:02 of all of the signers of the Constitution, and the three who declined to sign, the three members of

00:34:07 the Constitutional Convention who declined to sign. And it's really fascinating. The whole

00:34:12 center is just a great experience. That would be my tip to all of you. But I also try to give

00:34:19 you just some general Philadelphia tips. And you may have heard that we have become a great

00:34:25 restaurant city, often by a number of publications ranked as the best restaurant city in the country

00:34:31 with good restaurants per capita. And I think that's true, although I think there are other

00:34:36 cities that would strongly contest that we are the best restaurant city in the country.

00:34:41 But there is no doubt about our other designation, which is the junk food capital of the country,

00:34:47 with soft pretzels, tasty cakes, and of course, the mother of all junk food, the Philadelphia

00:34:53 cheesesteak. Now, I want to advise you that you should, for those of you who are not Philadelphians,

00:34:59 you should not leave without having a real Philadelphia cheesesteak. If you're staying

00:35:03 at a hotel like the Four Seasons has a cheesesteak on the menu, not even close, not even close.

00:35:09 You have to go to a real cheesesteak place, and there are some on South Street and plenty in

00:35:14 South Philadelphia. And if you're sitting there saying, well, what's the big deal about a

00:35:18 cheesesteak? It's steak and cheese and a roll, and you can get that anywhere. Well, respectfully,

00:35:24 that would be wrong. And the reason it would be wrong is because people who try to make

00:35:29 cheesesteaks, and I traveled to every city in the country in my year as Democratic National

00:35:34 Chairman in 2000, and people make the same mistakes outside of Philadelphia.

00:35:41 First mistake they make is that they use good meat, and you cannot use

00:35:48 good meat in making a Philadelphia cheesesteak. You have to use the fattiest, stringiest meat

00:35:55 you can get. Second mistake, and again, this is understandable from the name, is

00:36:00 in other parts of the country, they actually use real cheese. You can't use real cheese.

00:36:06 You have to use Cheez Whiz, because only Cheez Whiz gets into the nooks and crannies

00:36:12 of the cheesesteak. And the last thing, and the thing that we Philadelphians find the most

00:36:17 stunning of all, is many people all around the country like grilled or fried onions on the

00:36:23 cheesesteak. But in other parts of the country, they actually, before they take the fried onions

00:36:28 from the pan or the grill and put them on the bread, they actually drain off the grease.

00:36:37 So you can only get a real Philadelphia cheesesteak here. You should definitely have

00:36:42 one, but the Surgeon General requires us to warn you, you should only have one.

00:36:47 Now, I have to tell you, you're, I know you all know this, but this is an organization that is a

00:36:54 serious organization. I mean, they really mean business. Not that being a governor is a big deal,

00:37:00 but I got a letter from the organization telling me what the program would be,

00:37:06 and there wasn't any guile or attempted subtlety here. It says George Barkley will give his

00:37:12 acceptance speech, 15 to 17 minutes. Jeff Clifton will introduce the governor.

00:37:17 The governor will say, quote, a few words.

00:37:23 Now, we governors, we governors are not used to being treated like that, but

00:37:32 but fortunately, I can give you my message in a very few words.

00:37:37 But it is a serious message, and I was actually very honored when at the Democratic Convention,

00:37:43 the Kerry campaign asked me to deliver a speech about alternative energy,

00:37:47 because it is something that we believe in very deeply here in Pennsylvania,

00:37:52 and I think in many ways holds the key to American competitiveness as we look forward to the next

00:37:58 several decades. For a whole number of reasons, I think we cannot continue on as a country solely

00:38:07 dependent on foreign oil, foreign energy sources, or the combination of foreign oil and natural

00:38:13 gas, because you've seen what's happened. No one knows better than your industry what's happened

00:38:18 in natural gas prices, and I think we have to be the leader in developing alternative forms of

00:38:25 energy for many reasons, not the least of which is the country that really gets it and starts

00:38:31 developing these alternative fuels, sources of energy, will have a tremendous economic boom.

00:38:37 The jobs that that will produce, the exports that allow them to come up with, it will be

00:38:42 very, very significant. But secondly, because if we can do it right, we can create new sources of

00:38:49 energy and lower the costs of energy to American business. That is enormously important to you,

00:38:56 and it is enormously important to me. As the chemical industry folks in Pennsylvania know,

00:39:02 I took an unusual step. We have a public utility commission that is structured in a way to be as

00:39:07 nonpartisan as possible. The incoming governor gets an appointment one every year. It's a five-person

00:39:15 commission, so you don't even get a majority of the commission until the fall of your third year

00:39:20 in office, and by law, two of the five members, two must be from one party and three from the

00:39:27 other. I mean, they can be independents, but no more than three from one party and two are required

00:39:31 from the other party. And so I have no, I have one member of the PUC so far, and so I have no ability

00:39:39 to order the PUC to do anything, no legal ability, no political ability to order the PUC to do

00:39:45 anything. But I took an unusual step about 10 days ago in having a press conference and sending

00:39:55 a letter to the PUC asking them to reverse a decision they made. And it is a somewhat complex

00:40:01 decision, but it essentially voided an agreement between Duquesne Light and its industrial suppliers,

00:40:11 excuse me, its industrial users, for a fixed price of energy for a six-year period.

00:40:19 And it put them on a variable price ratio that's fixed on hourly rates and subject to all sorts of

00:40:25 market fluctuations. And the industrial users contacted me and went nuts, and even the utility

00:40:31 company went nuts, and it makes no sense. Energy is key to your competitiveness. It's absolutely

00:40:39 essential for you to have at least a significant idea that has to be a fixed cost that can't

00:40:47 fluctuate and can't vary, or else it destroys your ability to plan, your ability to price,

00:40:52 your ability to do so many things. So the PUC voided that, and I sent them order asking them to

00:41:00 reconsider and allow the agreement to go forward. Because this one agreement, it's only with one

00:41:06 utility agreement, a company, but there are what's called a provider of the last resort.

00:41:12 And it, to me, would be a precedent for every provider of the last resort.

00:41:17 Tremendously damaging for industrial users. So we're very cognizant of that need. But go back

00:41:23 to alternate energy. Take Pennsylvania. There is enough coal in the ground and enough coal waste

00:41:31 on the ground here in Pennsylvania to virtually fuel and heat the station's homes for the next 90

00:41:39 years. We have to find the technology to use it. Pennsylvania is doing a number of things. We're

00:41:46 putting grants together. We have a program called the Energy Harvest Program, where we give grants

00:41:51 to businesses that are trying to develop alternative technologies for fuel. Coal bed methane

00:41:57 and coal gases that turn into a form of natural gas that can replace natural gas for your use.

00:42:05 Coal that can be used, coal waste, Reliant Energy has got a plant in Indiana County that takes coal

00:42:14 waste from 77 different piles in southwestern Pennsylvania. Some of those piles are like small

00:42:22 mountains. And it takes that coal waste and it is turning it into enough energy to heat and light

00:42:29 400,000 homes on the southwest power grid. To heat coal waste in the northeast section, in the

00:42:37 anthracite coal section. We're using coal waste as a program that the U.S. Department of Energy,

00:42:42 both the Clinton and Bush administrations have funded and the states put in money to develop a

00:42:48 program to take coal waste and coal itself, to liquefy it, to gasify it, to produce a non-sulfur

00:42:56 diesel fuel for trucks and cars. Again, these are clean coal technologies and the technology

00:43:04 continues to get better. And again, there are skeptics and there are people who think it can't

00:43:11 be done. But these technologies are working. They're continuing to get better. And the sky

00:43:17 is the limit for us. The sky is the limit for us. And I'm not even talking about the traditional

00:43:23 alternative sources of energy, wind power, solar power. Pennsylvania is very close to

00:43:28 inking a contract with the largest wind power producer in the world, a Spanish company,

00:43:33 to bring a manufacturing plant to manufacture the wind turbines. Is that what they're called,

00:43:43 the individual thing? To manufacture the wind turbines here in Pennsylvania and to create

00:43:49 significant wind farms. We're right now the number one wind producer east of the Mississippi,

00:43:56 in part because we're a state that has very high elevation. But we want to continue to drive

00:44:03 that process. I've already ordered all state facilities by the year 2010 to be using 20%

00:44:12 of their energy from alternative energy sources. We are seeking to become the 13th state in the

00:44:18 union to have what's called advanced portfolio standards. And those advanced portfolio standards

00:44:24 would require our utilities by the year 2010 to have 10% of the fuel that they use to produce

00:44:31 their power to come from alternative sources of energy. I think this is a desperately important

00:44:37 battle for America. It is a desperate effort and an effort that I think has to succeed for energy

00:44:44 independence and energy competitiveness. The more sources of energy we can produce in this country,

00:44:52 the lower your energy bills are going to be. The lower your energy bills are going to be,

00:44:56 the more competitive you'll be in the global marketplace. It's as simple as that. It's very

00:45:02 serious business and I don't think Washington has come to grips with it. Interestingly, some of the

00:45:08 most interesting work on alternative sources of energy is being done in the states. California

00:45:18 spends as much money on developing alternative automobile fuels, as much money in their budget

00:45:25 every year as the federal government does. And hopefully we can get the federal government to wake

00:45:29 up and see that energy independence is not only a tremendous political benefit to the country,

00:45:36 but a tremendous competitive benefit to the country as well. So we're going to pursue this and we work,

00:45:43 Jeff and I and some members of your industry have had discussions about this,

00:45:47 how we can continue to even free up natural gas resources in Pennsylvania, but also develop

00:45:55 alternatives like coal bed methane that can be used for natural gas. We're about to launch our

00:46:01 first coal bed methane plant in north central Pennsylvania as well. So this is something that

00:46:07 I think we all ought to be cognizant of. All Americans, business people, individual citizens

00:46:12 ought to get behind a real serious effort to produce alternative energy sources. If we do it,

00:46:18 it'll mean nothing but good things for the country. So thanks for inviting me. It's been a pleasure to

00:46:24 speak here and if you invite me next year, as the governor of California would say, I'll be back.

00:46:43 Governor, thank you.

00:46:51 Thank you very much. Now that you have shared the secret of Philadelphia chili

00:46:55 cheesesteak, I think there'll be a lot more competition. But I think thank you also for

00:47:00 sharing a very important message. I think we have going back to the seminar, Arnold, 1.30,

00:47:06 and the number of you will be there at the Perkin Medal Award this evening. So thank you for

00:47:11 being here and congratulations against George and thank you, Gordon, for giving this medal today.