00:00:00 This is a lecture and conference by, a former associate professor at the MIT Daly School of Biomedical Sciences.

00:00:16 Oh! Oh, no! Oh, no! You're in here already?

00:00:20 Oh! Oh, I must have overslept. I hate when I oversleep.

00:00:24 I get really confused. I don't even remember where I am.

00:00:28 Where am I? What is this? What is this? Who are you people?

00:00:33 Please help me. Come on. What is this? What is this?

00:00:37 The Ohio Chemical Council. I remember now. The Ohio Chemical Council.

00:00:44 Well, now I know who you are. Let me tell you who I am.

00:00:47 My name is, oh, my name is, oh, oh, my name is Krista, but you can call me Doc.

00:00:55 It's a lot easier to remember. Well, I work at COSI. Has anyone been to COSI before?

00:01:00 Oh, a bunch of people. Well, if you haven't been to COSI, let me tell you,

00:01:05 it's this great big science center in Columbus where you can run over here, look at something, play with it.

00:01:12 Then you can run over here, look at something else, play with it.

00:01:16 It's a lot of fun. It's called hands-on learning, and we think it's a great way to learn.

00:01:22 Well, I have a very important job at COSI. I'm the head of the chemical emergency,

00:01:29 and the Ohio Chemical Council helps me out.

00:01:32 Now, at COSI, people call me if they have a chemical emergency, and let me tell you, chemistry is everywhere.

00:01:41 Everyone look up. Everyone look down. Everyone look at your neighbor.

00:01:48 Look at your other neighbor. Everything that you just saw is chemistry, and everything up here is chemistry,

00:01:58 and this is my bedroom. You're probably wondering what my bedroom is doing in your conference.

00:02:05 Well, your chairman, Mr. Flannery, asked me to come here today.

00:02:09 He said he had a chemical emergency that I needed to solve.

00:02:14 Now, this could be very, very important, so before I can get to this, I have to get my own body chemistry, right?

00:02:21 Just going to grab a quick breakfast. Won't take but a second. Hold on. It's right over here. Let me see.

00:02:27 Oh, no. Oh, no. It's my answering machine light.

00:02:33 Oh, someone must have called while I was sleeping.

00:02:36 Oh, this is not good. If that was a chemical emergency and I missed it, I'm going to get in a lot of trouble.

00:02:42 Oh, we'll just have to listen to my messages. Mr. Flannery, you'll just have to hold on a second here,

00:02:49 because I really don't want to get in trouble, so we'll just listen to my messages.

00:02:53 Hopefully, it's not too important. Let's see.

00:02:57 Hey, Doc, this is Jeff. Just saying, if you're going to be in the Cleveland area this weekend, we should get together.

00:03:03 Just my friend. Good, good.

00:03:05 Doc, this is Michael. I have a really big game tonight, and I've got an upset stomach.

00:03:10 Is this like doing flip flops? Can chemistry help me? Call me back at the courthouse. Thanks.

00:03:17 This is so exciting. Do you know who that was? That was Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan called me.

00:03:24 Oh, this is very, very exciting. I need to calm down. He did have a problem. Let's see.

00:03:30 What did he say? Oh, he said he had an upset stomach and a big game tonight.

00:03:36 Oh, this is definitely a problem. I need your help. Will you help me help Michael?

00:03:40 Oh, come on. Will you help me help Michael?

00:03:45 All right, good. Now, to help Michael, I need to know how many scientists we have here today.

00:03:52 Well, let me put this another way. How many of you have ever, ever, in your whole entire life, ever asked a question?

00:04:04 Well, there you go. If you've ever asked a question, then you're a scientist, because scientists find out things by asking questions.

00:04:14 So let me see how many scientists we have. And which scientist can come up here and help me help Michael?

00:04:22 I need a volunteer to help me help Michael. How about, oh, the woman back there in the red shirt, the red vest.

00:04:30 Oh, come on up. Oh, we have to help Michael. All right.

00:04:36 And what's your name, little girl?

00:04:40 My name is Sharon.

00:04:42 Sharon. Everyone say, hi, Sharon.

00:04:44 Hi, Sharon.

00:04:46 Sharon, say hi. All right. Now, Sharon, we have a problem. Michael Jordan has an upset stomach, so we should probably do an experiment with his stomach.

00:04:55 Probably.

00:04:56 Do you have an extra stomach we can use?

00:04:58 No.

00:04:59 No, huh? I don't have an extra stomach either. Oh, I know. Let me look in my locker. I have everything in my locker.

00:05:07 Maybe I have a stomach. Who knows? Let me see. Stomach, stomach, stomach. Oh, here we go.

00:05:12 Here, this will work as a stomach. Ooh, even has a little bit of chicken left in it.

00:05:17 Well, here we have a stomach. Sharon, hold the stomach.

00:05:21 Well, now we have a stomach. What kind of chemicals would we find in a stomach?

00:05:26 Does anyone know? All you chemists out there should know what kind of chemicals are in a stomach.

00:05:31 Oh, Sharon knows. Acid. There's acid in your stomach. Maybe I have some stomach acid. Who knows? Let me see.

00:05:39 Stomach acid. Oh, here we go.

00:05:42 Good catch, Sharon.

00:05:44 Now, this isn't stomach acid. This is called acetic acid.

00:05:49 You might find this at home.

00:05:52 Very smelly. Does anyone know what this is?

00:05:56 Vinegar. Very good. Acetic acid is vinegar.

00:06:00 Let's put some acid in Michael's stomach. Here we go.

00:06:05 Let's put a lot of acid in Michael's stomach.

00:06:11 All right. Well, now we have acid in Michael's stomach.

00:06:16 Well, we think we have acid. We don't really know that's an acid.

00:06:21 We better test it just to be sure. I know just how to test it.

00:06:27 If we use an indicator solution, we can find out.

00:06:32 This will make that turn red if we have an acid.

00:06:37 Let's try it out. Here we go.

00:06:40 Oh, yeah. We definitely have an acid in there.

00:06:45 Well, now we know that there's acid in Michael's stomach.

00:06:48 And it's turning and it hurts.

00:06:51 What can we do to get rid of all that acid? Any guesses?

00:06:55 Oh, come on, kids. Someone has to know.

00:06:58 What can we do to get rid of acid? Neutralize it with what?

00:07:03 A base? A base? Oh, I think I have a base.

00:07:07 Oh, where did I put? Oh, here it is. A base.

00:07:12 Oh, well, that's the wrong kind of base.

00:07:16 Oh, where is it? Oh, good. Here it is. The right kind of base.

00:07:21 This is called sodium bicarbonate.

00:07:24 And if we're right, this will get rid of the acid.

00:07:28 Oh, I love experiments. Are you ready to try it?

00:07:31 All right. Here we go. Help me count.

00:07:34 One, two. Help me count.

00:07:37 One, two, three.

00:07:43 Oh, my. Something is definitely happening there.

00:07:48 And it's dripping all over Sharon.

00:07:50 Well, Sharon, what's happening to it?

00:07:53 It's getting weak a lot. It's foaming. It's bubbling.

00:07:57 And it turned green. This is great.

00:08:00 Remember, acid was red. We've made it turn green.

00:08:04 We've gotten rid of the acid. We just solved Michael's problem.

00:08:09 We even used something called the scientific method.

00:08:13 All great scientists use it. That's why we just did.

00:08:16 It has five steps. Let's see.

00:08:19 The first step is to observe. So let's observe.

00:08:23 Well, we observe if you add a base to an acid, you can get rid of the acid.

00:08:30 Well, step number two is to question.

00:08:33 So what do I want to know?

00:08:36 I have a good question.

00:08:38 What will happen if we add the rest of the acid to Michael's stomach?

00:08:43 Well, step number three is to guess what would happen.

00:08:47 And that guess is called a hypothesis.

00:08:50 Everyone say hypothesis.

00:08:52 Hypothesis.

00:08:54 Not hippopotamus. Hypothesis.

00:08:57 Hypothesis.

00:08:59 Very good. Well, we need a hypothesis.

00:09:02 Who thinks it will stay green?

00:09:05 Who thinks it will turn red?

00:09:08 Who thinks it will do anything else?

00:09:11 All right. Well, step number four is to do the experiment.

00:09:17 Here we go. I love experiments. Here we go.

00:09:19 One.

00:09:21 One.

00:09:23 Two.

00:09:25 Wait, wait, wait.

00:09:27 We're not done with the scientific method after we do the experiment.

00:09:32 No.

00:09:34 Yeah, step number five is to observe to see if we were even right.

00:09:37 Okay, let's try it again.

00:09:39 Here we go.

00:09:41 One, two, three.

00:09:48 Oh, there it goes. There it goes.

00:09:51 Well, something is definitely happening here.

00:09:55 Sharon, what's happening to it?

00:09:57 It's foaming and it's light green.

00:10:00 Well, it's staying green.

00:10:03 Who said it would stay green?

00:10:05 Well, you were right.

00:10:07 Now, those people that guessed red or anything else, are they still scientists?

00:10:12 Yes, of course they're still scientists.

00:10:15 Scientists guess wrong all the time.

00:10:18 But they can learn from that and become even better scientists.

00:10:22 Well, let's give Sharon a big round of applause.

00:10:25 Thank you.

00:10:26 Thank you.

00:10:30 Well, this is great. You helped me solve Michael's problem.

00:10:33 I'm so excited.

00:10:35 Looks like I still have another message or two.

00:10:38 Oh, boy, I hope this wasn't anything really important because I don't want to get in trouble.

00:10:43 We solved Michael's problem.

00:10:45 Hi, this is your mother.

00:10:47 I'll just fast forward.

00:10:49 Sometimes she talks a lot.

00:10:54 Okay, here we go.

00:10:57 That's my mom.

00:11:03 That's Arnold Schwarzenegger.

00:11:05 Do you know he's almost as strong as me?

00:11:08 It's true.

00:11:10 Okay, let's hear what he has to say.

00:11:12 I have spilled oil into my aquarium full of prize-winning fish and do not know what to do.

00:11:17 Can chemistry help me save my fish?

00:11:20 You can call me a subservient and thank God.

00:11:24 Well, this is definitely a problem.

00:11:26 Arnold spilled oil into his fish tank full of prize-winning fish.

00:11:30 Oh, I can't do this alone.

00:11:32 I need some help.

00:11:33 Who can help me up here with this experiment?

00:11:36 Oh, you, sir.

00:11:37 Come on up.

00:11:41 What's your name?

00:11:42 Tom Wiseman.

00:11:43 Tom, everyone say hi, Tom.

00:11:46 Hi, Tom.

00:11:47 Tom, say hi, everyone.

00:11:49 Hi, everyone.

00:11:50 Now, Tom, we have this problem.

00:11:52 Arnold spilled oil into his fish tank, so we need to do an experiment.

00:11:56 I wonder what we can try to figure out how to clean this up.

00:12:00 Oh, I have an idea.

00:12:02 I have a fish tank.

00:12:04 Let's pour some oil into my fish tank.

00:12:06 Oh, Tom, this will be so much fun.

00:12:09 Here we go.

00:12:10 I have some oil.

00:12:11 Go ahead.

00:12:12 Pour it in there.

00:12:13 It's okay.

00:12:14 My fish are already floating.

00:12:15 It won't hurt them.

00:12:16 So, let's see.

00:12:17 Oh, keep going.

00:12:18 Arnold probably spilled a lot of oil.

00:12:20 That's probably good.

00:12:22 Well, we're scientists.

00:12:24 The first step is to observe, so let's observe.

00:12:28 What's the oil doing?

00:12:31 Floating, yeah.

00:12:33 Well, this is an easy problem.

00:12:36 Whenever my fish float, I just scoop them out with a fish net.

00:12:40 We'll just scoop out all the oil.

00:12:42 I have a fish net.

00:12:43 Let's see.

00:12:44 Where is it?

00:12:45 No.

00:12:46 Oh, here we go.

00:12:47 I found it, my fish net.

00:12:49 Okay, Tom.

00:12:50 Go ahead.

00:12:51 Scoop out all the oil.

00:12:52 You can put the oil in this bucket.

00:12:55 Yep.

00:12:56 Oh.

00:12:57 Well, that didn't work at all.

00:13:01 I was wrong.

00:13:02 Oil just went right through the net.

00:13:05 Let's see.

00:13:06 If we can't scoop it out,

00:13:08 maybe we'll just have to soak it up with something,

00:13:11 like some cotton balls or something.

00:13:13 Let's see.

00:13:14 Cotton.

00:13:15 Oh, here they are, my cotton balls.

00:13:17 Let's see.

00:13:18 Here, Tom, take a couple of those.

00:13:20 Put them in there.

00:13:21 Let's see if that does any good.

00:13:25 Well, they turned red just like the oil,

00:13:28 but I think they got an awful lot of water.

00:13:33 We can't take out the water.

00:13:34 The fish need the water.

00:13:37 Maybe just cotton isn't the thing.

00:13:39 Maybe something else.

00:13:40 Let me see what I got.

00:13:43 Let's use my brand-new shirt.

00:13:45 Here we go, Tom.

00:13:46 Put that in there.

00:13:47 Oh, wait, wait, wait.

00:13:49 I'd probably get in a lot of trouble if I used this.

00:13:52 Let's use this instead.

00:13:54 This is the same material my shirt's made out of.

00:13:57 It's called polypropylene,

00:13:59 and you know, whenever I wear my shirt,

00:14:02 it keeps the oil off my skin.

00:14:04 Oh, this just might work.

00:14:06 Go ahead.

00:14:07 Put it in there, Tom.

00:14:08 Oh, how exciting.

00:14:09 Let's put the whole thing in there,

00:14:11 because, boy, we spilled an awful lot of oil.

00:14:14 Oh, I hope this works.

00:14:16 I really don't have any more ideas.

00:14:18 Well, I don't know.

00:14:20 It's floating just like the oil did.

00:14:22 That's good.

00:14:23 Well, I don't know.

00:14:24 Tom, go ahead.

00:14:25 Take it out.

00:14:26 Put it in this bucket.

00:14:27 Let's see if it did any good.

00:14:29 Oh, look at that.

00:14:31 We have cleaned up the fish tank.

00:14:33 Let's give Tom a big round of applause.

00:14:35 applause

00:14:40 Well, this is great.

00:14:42 We can tell Arnold if he uses polypropylene.

00:14:45 He can get all the oil out,

00:14:47 but leave the water for the fish.

00:14:49 What an exciting morning.

00:14:51 Arnold Schwarzenegger and Michael Jordan.

00:14:54 And I still have another message.

00:14:56 Oh, boy, I wonder who this is.

00:14:58 I hope it's somebody really, really important.

00:15:01 Hey, Doc, this is Dave.

00:15:03 My friend Dave.

00:15:04 When am I going to get my rollerblades back?

00:15:06 Oh, you promised them a week ago.

00:15:08 I forgot.

00:15:09 Oh, well, see you when you get home.

00:15:11 I feel so bad.

00:15:12 Doc, this is Bill Clinton.

00:15:14 The President of the United States.

00:15:16 I have a question about...

00:15:18 Actually, I always have a question about...

00:15:20 Oh, here, honey.

00:15:22 You answer.

00:15:23 Doc, this is Hillary.

00:15:24 We need your help.

00:15:26 Our nation is having problems with landfill.

00:15:28 They're overflowing.

00:15:29 According to my sources,

00:15:31 the American people produce 196 tons of trash a year,

00:15:35 and we're still using styrofoam packing pans.

00:15:38 Do you know of anything using chemistry

00:15:40 that could help this situation?

00:15:42 Call us back at the presidential hotline.

00:15:44 Thanks, Doc.

00:15:45 I need some help.

00:15:47 Oh, I need a volunteer.

00:15:48 Who can...

00:15:49 Oh, this gentleman over here.

00:15:51 Come on up.

00:15:54 Very enthusiastic volunteer.

00:15:56 All right.

00:15:59 And what's your name?

00:16:01 Ken.

00:16:02 Ken, everyone say howdy, Ken.

00:16:04 Howdy, Ken.

00:16:05 Ken, say howdy, everyone.

00:16:07 Howdy, everybody.

00:16:08 Now, Ken, Hillary said

00:16:10 that we have a big problem

00:16:12 with packaging material in our landfills.

00:16:14 So we should probably do an experiment

00:16:16 with some packaging material.

00:16:18 I wonder if I have any packaging material anywhere.

00:16:21 I thought I did.

00:16:23 Oh, I do.

00:16:25 I got a box just the other day,

00:16:28 and I put it over here somewhere.

00:16:30 Did anyone see my...

00:16:31 Oh, here it is.

00:16:33 I got a box.

00:16:34 I got a package.

00:16:35 I didn't even get to open it up yet.

00:16:37 Oh, I love packages.

00:16:39 Oh.

00:16:40 Oh, my new Barbie came.

00:16:43 Oh, Ken, will you hold Barbie?

00:16:45 Thank you.

00:16:46 I got another package over here yesterday, too.

00:16:50 Oh, I love packages.

00:16:52 I wonder what's in here.

00:16:54 Oh, my new brain cap came.

00:16:58 They said it would make me a super genius.

00:17:01 Is it working?

00:17:03 Huh.

00:17:04 Well, they sent me some packaging material,

00:17:06 so, Ken, let's do an experiment.

00:17:09 Here we go.

00:17:11 You take this cup

00:17:12 and fill it up with those packaging peanuts.

00:17:15 Barbie can help you.

00:17:17 And I'll fill up mine over here.

00:17:24 Now, I know what mine are made out of.

00:17:26 Mine are made out of styrofoam.

00:17:29 Ken, do you know what yours are made out of?

00:17:31 Looks like styrofoam.

00:17:32 Huh.

00:17:33 Kind of looks like it.

00:17:34 I don't think it is.

00:17:35 I'm not sure what this is either.

00:17:37 Well, let's do some tests.

00:17:39 In a landfill, the first thing they do

00:17:42 when they put all that garbage in the hole

00:17:44 is they squish it down

00:17:46 so they can put even more garbage in the hole.

00:17:48 So, Ken, pick one up

00:17:51 and squish it with all your might.

00:17:59 What happened to yours?

00:18:01 Oh.

00:18:02 Oh, it's squished.

00:18:04 Well, mine didn't squish at all.

00:18:07 Hmm.

00:18:08 Well, what else can we try?

00:18:09 Oh, I know.

00:18:10 Landfills are outside, right?

00:18:12 Well, usually.

00:18:13 Sometimes they're in your bedroom.

00:18:14 But most of the time, they're outside.

00:18:17 And when it rains, they get wet.

00:18:19 Ken, let's add some rain.

00:18:21 Come on over here.

00:18:22 We'll add a little bit of rain.

00:18:24 Singing in the rain.

00:18:26 There we go.

00:18:27 A little bit of rain.

00:18:28 Add some rain to yours, Ken.

00:18:31 While he's doing that, let's see what mine are doing.

00:18:34 Well, they're not squishing any better.

00:18:38 It's really just wet styrofoam.

00:18:42 But I kind of figured this would happen.

00:18:44 Takes styrofoam 150 years to go away.

00:18:48 That's a very long time.

00:18:50 Hopefully, Ken's having some better luck with his.

00:18:53 Let's check it out.

00:18:54 Let's see.

00:18:55 Eww.

00:18:56 Eww.

00:18:57 Well, what's happening to this?

00:19:00 Does anyone know?

00:19:02 What's going on here?

00:19:03 What's happening?

00:19:04 Yeah.

00:19:05 Yeah, it's dissolving in the water.

00:19:07 Well, this is great.

00:19:09 It's kind of gross.

00:19:11 But this is great because we would never have to throw this away.

00:19:15 If we got it in the mail, we could just wash it down the drain.

00:19:18 It would never even go to a landfill.

00:19:21 Oh, I know what this is.

00:19:23 I've seen this before.

00:19:25 It's called Ecofoam.

00:19:28 It's made out of corn.

00:19:30 95% of this is corn starch.

00:19:33 The other 5% is called polyvinyl alcohol.

00:19:37 Everyone say that.

00:19:39 Polyvinyl alcohol.

00:19:41 Very good.

00:19:42 Very good.

00:19:43 And polyvinyl alcohol is amazing.

00:19:47 As I was saying, polyvinyl alcohol is amazing.

00:19:54 For instance, Ken, will you pick that up for me?

00:19:58 Oh, wait.

00:19:59 Stop, stop, stop.

00:20:00 It's got boogers all over it.

00:20:02 Let me get you something.

00:20:03 Here.

00:20:04 Here, Ken, keep this between your hand and my hanky so you don't get any of my germs.

00:20:09 All right.

00:20:10 Well, we better wash it because, you know, I don't want those germs just floating around in here.

00:20:15 Everybody else might sneeze.

00:20:16 So we better wash the plastic.

00:20:18 There might be boogers on that.

00:20:20 So here we go.

00:20:21 Ken, go ahead and fill that up with water for me because now we have to wash it, you know.

00:20:25 And you can't wash without just a dab of soap.

00:20:29 There we go.

00:20:31 All right, stir that around.

00:20:33 We are a washing machine.

00:20:35 All righty.

00:20:37 Oh, that's looking mighty clean.

00:20:40 Go ahead and stir that a little bit more, Ken.

00:20:43 Oh, yeah.

00:20:44 Definitely clean.

00:20:45 Let's see how clean the plastic got.

00:20:47 Go ahead and take out the plastic for me, Ken.

00:20:51 Here, maybe it's over here.

00:20:53 Maybe it's gone.

00:20:55 What do you think happened to it, Ken?

00:20:57 I think it dissolved.

00:20:59 It dissolved?

00:21:00 Plastic that dissolves?

00:21:01 Well, this is amazing.

00:21:03 The polyvinyl alcohol plastic must dissolve in water.

00:21:07 They could use this in hospitals.

00:21:09 Make big laundry bags out of it.

00:21:11 Put all the dirty clothes, the dirty bed sheets in the bag.

00:21:14 The laundry people would never have to get those germs.

00:21:17 They would just take the whole bag, throw it in the washing machine, and the bag would dissolve away.

00:21:22 Well, this is great.

00:21:24 Let's give Ken a big round of applause.

00:21:26 Thank you.

00:21:27 Thank you.

00:21:32 Well, my goodness, this has been a very, very busy morning, but finally we finished my messages.

00:21:38 I can finally get to Mr. Flannery.

00:21:40 Where is Mr. Flannery?

00:21:42 Oh, come on up, Mr. Flannery.

00:21:44 Let's give him a big round of applause.

00:21:51 Boy, I hope this emergency wasn't something too important, because I don't want to mess it up.

00:21:57 Let's see.

00:21:58 What do you got there, Mr. Flannery?

00:22:01 How very strange.

00:22:02 Well, it must be very important.

00:22:04 Let's read it.

00:22:05 Let's see.

00:22:09 There's nothing on this piece of paper.

00:22:14 We can figure this out.

00:22:15 We're scientists, so let's observe.

00:22:18 We can't observe with our eyes.

00:22:20 Oh, I know.

00:22:22 I have an expert nose.

00:22:24 Let me smell it.

00:22:29 There is definitely a scent to this piece of paper.

00:22:35 And I can tell with my expert nose that this smells like phenolphthalein.

00:22:41 And do you know if this is really phenolphthalein?

00:22:45 This is a secret message.

00:22:47 This could be a love note to Mr. Flannery.

00:22:50 This could be a map to tunnels underneath the hotel.

00:22:54 Oh, I'm so excited.

00:22:56 We have to decode this.

00:22:57 I need someone to help me.

00:22:58 Who can help me decode this?

00:23:00 Oh, how about that lady back there?

00:23:02 Oh, come on up.

00:23:04 This is so exciting, a secret message.

00:23:07 It could say anything you know, anything at all.

00:23:10 Let's see.

00:23:12 I wonder how we can decode it.

00:23:14 Maybe you know.

00:23:15 What's your name?

00:23:16 Sean.

00:23:17 Sean, everyone say hi, Sean.

00:23:19 Hi, Sean.

00:23:21 Sean, say hi, everyone.

00:23:22 Hi, everyone.

00:23:23 Now, Sean, do you have any idea how to decode this?

00:23:26 Not really.

00:23:28 No.

00:23:29 Let me think.

00:23:30 I don't remember either.

00:23:31 I used to know.

00:23:32 Let's see.

00:23:33 Phenolphthalein, laundry soap.

00:23:36 Is that right?

00:23:37 Laundry soap would decode our secret messages.

00:23:39 I think that's it.

00:23:41 I think it really is laundry soap.

00:23:43 I even have some.

00:23:44 Oh, how exciting.

00:23:46 Here we go.

00:23:47 Sean, take the laundry soap.

00:23:50 And, Mr. Flannery, if you'll hold that piece, that side of the piece of paper.

00:23:54 Go ahead, Sean.

00:23:55 Spray the piece of paper.

00:23:57 Oh, I hope it says something.

00:23:58 Oh, I love...

00:23:59 Oh, it's coming out.

00:24:01 There does say something.

00:24:03 How exciting.

00:24:04 The end.

00:24:08 Oh, no.

00:24:09 It's worse than I thought.

00:24:11 Well, let's give Sean and Mr. Flannery a big round of applause.

00:24:14 Thank you.

00:24:20 Well, it must be the end of the show.

00:24:23 But we still used the scientific method.

00:24:26 We observed that there is a smell to this piece of paper.

00:24:30 We questioned what it might be.

00:24:32 We hypothesized.

00:24:34 We did the experiment and observed that it's the end.

00:24:38 Well, today we see that chemistry is everywhere.

00:24:43 You can do experiments anywhere you want, even in your bedroom.

00:24:48 And most importantly, we learned that Christa is...

00:24:51 Whoops.

00:24:52 I mean, chemistry is cool.

00:24:54 I hope you had a good time.

00:24:56 I'll see you all later.

00:24:57 Thanks.

00:24:58 Thank you.

00:24:59 Thank you.

00:25:00 Thank you.