00:00:00 Hello, good afternoon. Can I have your attention? I hope you enjoyed your lunch. We are here

00:00:27 today to honor innovation, and there is no better way than the first Gordon E. Moore Award, named in

00:00:34 the honor of Intel co-founder and chairman emeritus. Award recognizes extraordinary innovation by an

00:00:43 industrial scientist early in his or her career. An innovation that has a positive influence on

00:00:51 the quality of life, has commercial impact, and eliminates emerging areas of applied chemistry.

00:01:00 No better to talk about the award and the person who will receive it today than Jim Elder,

00:01:09 chairman of the SCI Medal Committee. Jim is vice president of operations and technology at

00:01:16 Selenese in Dallas. Jim led the committee of fellow CTOs from Air Products, Dow, DuPont,

00:01:23 Nova, Romanhas, and representatives from the Chemical Heritage Foundation to develop this award. Jim.

00:01:31 Thank you, Raj, and thanks to the Chemical Heritage Foundation for hosting this Innovation

00:01:43 Day in their truly first-class facility. On behalf of my colleagues on the Moore Medal Committee,

00:01:49 I would also like to welcome you here today. Would the other members of the committee please

00:01:54 stand as I call your name? Miles Drake of Air Products, Manny Subramanian of Dow, Ed Wasserman

00:02:03 of DuPont, Paul Clark of Nova, Gary Calabrese of Romanhas, and of course Arnold Thackeray

00:02:11 representing the Chemical Heritage Foundation.

00:02:21 Eighteen months ago, the medal that will be presented in a few moments was only a concept.

00:02:28 In early 2003, two members of the SCI Executive Committee asked us to explore a new award

00:02:36 that would complement the Perking Medal and recognize mid-career individuals who are leading us

00:02:41 into new domains for the chemical industry. They were particularly interested in leveraging this

00:02:47 new award to reinvigorate interest in our industry among high school and college students by

00:02:53 educating them on the full breadth of impact of chemicals on our daily lives. Our committee

00:02:59 challenges were quite clear. Establish a set of criteria focused on a breakthrough innovation

00:03:05 that provides significant value either by creating a new market, expanding an existing one,

00:03:12 or commercializing a new technology. Develop a nomination process and identify candidates

00:03:20 who not only meet this criteria, but do so relatively early in their careers. And finally,

00:03:26 identify a name for the award that is widely recognized and embodies breakthrough innovation

00:03:32 in an emerging area of applied chemistry. I hope you will agree that we have met each of these

00:03:40 challenges, and I'm pleased to be part of the ceremony today that translates this early 2003

00:03:46 concept into reality. In just a few minutes, Dr. George Barkley will be awarded the first ever

00:03:54 SCI Gordon E. Moore Medal. If you're familiar with Dr. Barkley's work in the electronic materials

00:04:01 industry, or if you've ever had the pleasure to work with him in the Roman Haas Laboratories in

00:04:06 Marlborough, Massachusetts, then you will know that the committee could not have chosen a

00:04:12 candidate that better exemplifies both the letter and spirit of the SCI Gordon Moore Medal.

00:04:19 George, now an R&D manager, joined the Shipley Company in 1991 following work as a post-doc at

00:04:25 Cornell University and obtaining his Ph.D. in chemistry from Strathclyde University in Scotland.

00:04:31 His initial research at Shipley Company, which was gradually acquired by Roman Haas in the

00:04:36 80s and early 90s, was on photocatalysts for microlithography. George Barkley's early work on

00:04:43 microlithography prepared him well for his breakthrough innovation on a new class of turf

00:04:48 polymers used to make deep UV photoresist, an advanced photoresist needed to build today's

00:04:54 powerful semiconductors. These photoresists have enabled the semiconductors industry ongoing

00:05:01 march to smaller and faster integrated circuits or chips that are used today, as we all know,

00:05:07 in cell phones, personal computers, DVD players, and thousands of other electronic marvels.

00:05:14 From a commercial perspective, the creativity of George and his team of scientists and engineers

00:05:19 has proven to be enormously successful. Turf polymer technology is currently used in more than

00:05:25 40% of the $300 million plus deep UV photoresist market.

00:05:31 There are many guests in this audience from Roman Haas who are proud of George and his

00:05:35 accomplishments, but I'm sure one is just a little more proud than the rest. Her name is

00:05:40 Deneen Barkley, George's wife, who also works for Roman Haas and Marlboro.

00:05:45 We're happy she's here with us today.

00:05:48 George and Deneen are the proud parents of a four-year-old girl, Tatum.

00:06:00 Although I don't know if George has yet turned over his cell phone to Tatum, I'm quite sure she is

00:06:05 already very comfortable in front of a computer or digital TV. I suspect she also has multiple

00:06:12 electronic games that make learning fun and exciting.

00:06:17 In just a few years, Deneen and George's daughter will come to realize that all of these wonderful

00:06:22 electronic games and tools were made possible in part by the creative spirit and innovative ideas

00:06:29 of her dad, and she too will be very proud.

00:06:33 Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of the Society of Chemical Industry and our Moore Metal Committee,

00:06:38 I'm honored to recognize Dr. George Barkley as the first recipient of the SCI Gordon E. Moore Medal.

00:06:45 His innovation is clearly in one of the emerging areas of applied chemistry and perfectly illustrates

00:06:51 the breadth of impact of chemistry on our daily lives, and not just with high schoolers and college

00:06:58 students, but with people all ages, including preschoolers like Tatum.

00:07:04 And now Raj Gupta will introduce our very special guest this afternoon, the gentleman for whom

00:07:11 our Moore Medal is named and who will present the award to George. Thank you.

00:07:16 Applause

00:07:24 Thank you, Jim, and the fact that I'm chair of SCI America has nothing to do with George Barkley winning this award.

00:07:30 Laughter

00:07:33 Before we present the award to George, let me say a few words about the medal's namesake, Gordon E. Moore.

00:07:40 A humble man, and I can vouch for it, I sat with him just on that table yesterday night for about three hours

00:07:45 and had a conversation this morning, but he considers himself lucky to have been in the right place at the right time.

00:07:53 I would say it's one thing to be in the right place, but it takes a true genius to see the opportunity

00:08:00 and take advantage of it. Gordon has done all of this and more.

00:08:05 He first came across the notion of semiconductors and silicon processing in 1956,

00:08:12 just two years after graduating with his Ph.D. in physics and chemistry from Caltech.

00:08:19 He was blessed to be able to work with geniuses, genius colleagues like William Shockley, Robert Noyce,

00:08:26 Gene Horny, Ted Hoff, and Masatoshi Shima, colleagues who saw the birth of the integrated circuit

00:08:35 and later the development and growth of microprocessors.

00:08:39 Gordon Moore's work, first as a scientist and later as a business leader at Intel,

00:08:45 has forever changed the life for the better.

00:08:49 Better communication with people around the world.

00:08:52 Think about cell phones and e-mails. I'm sure a bunch of you have your BlackBerrys with you here.

00:08:58 Incredible ability to share and process huge amounts of data and information.

00:09:04 For example, researchers can now instantly access thousands of libraries around the world

00:09:11 and run millions of calculations per second.

00:09:15 Incredible advances in the medical diagnostics, tools, and patient care

00:09:20 that has literally saved and is saving millions of lives.

00:09:24 Gordon Moore, the person, is every bit as impressive as his legacy.

00:09:31 A caring husband, father and grandfather, and a man who, along with his wife Betty, who is here,

00:09:38 have established a foundation that supports higher education, scientific research, and worldwide conservation.

00:09:47 In short, SCI is extremely fortunate and very grateful

00:09:52 that Gordon Moore has allowed us to use his name for recognizing young scientists.

00:09:58 Thank you, Gordon.

00:10:13 Well, thank you. It's a pleasure to be here today.

00:10:17 Getting a medal is an honor. Having one named after you is really unusual.

00:10:23 I really am proud to be here today for the first awarding of the Moore Medal.

00:10:30 I'm especially happy it's being awarded to a person who has worked in a field where I have some exposure.

00:10:37 If you'll excuse the term.

00:10:42 Clearly, the resists that allow us to keep the technology moving

00:10:47 are an extremely important part of the semiconductor technology.

00:10:52 The contributions that Dr. Barkley has made are an important thing to keep our industry going.

00:10:59 With that, Raj will come up here.

00:11:22 Thank you.

00:11:43 It's a nice medal.

00:11:47 Well, thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for that warm welcome.

00:11:50 I think one of the themes that's been going through the past couple of days is that, as you can see,

00:11:54 I was in the right place at the right time.

00:11:57 I'd like to extend my thanks to Jim Alder for his kind introduction

00:12:01 and, of course, a special thanks to the Gordon E. Medal Committee

00:12:05 and, of course, a special thanks to which Jim introduced a few moments ago.

00:12:10 I know they have invested an awful lot of time developing the criteria and structure for this award

00:12:15 and more time still working through the nomination process.

00:12:19 I would also like to thank the Society of Chemical Industry Chairman, Raj Gupta,

00:12:24 Chemical Heritage Foundation Chairman, Vince Calarco,

00:12:27 and the CHF's President, Arnold Thackeray.

00:12:30 Thank you all for being here today.

00:12:33 There are several others that I want to recognize in a few minutes,

00:12:36 but I do want to move ahead before saying a special thank you to Dr. Moore

00:12:40 for presenting me with the medal that bears his name.

00:12:43 Words cannot describe the honor of simply meeting Dr. Moore,

00:12:47 let alone having him present the first SCI Gordon E. Moore Medal.

00:12:52 For those of you working in the electronics materials business like I do,

00:12:55 or maybe just electronics buffs,

00:12:58 you can appreciate the significance of having Dr. Moore up here on a dais today.

00:13:03 Of course, as you know, Dr. Moore co-founded the Intel Corporation,

00:13:08 but he's also the author of the widely known Moore's Law,

00:13:11 in which he predicted that the number of transistors on a computer chip

00:13:14 would double every couple of years.

00:13:17 This law has played an enormous role in the march to faster computers,

00:13:20 smaller cell phones, more powerful electronics,

00:13:23 and increasingly sophisticated and less expensive components in the home,

00:13:27 the office, the car, the airplane,

00:13:30 and essentially everything that depends upon electronics.

00:13:33 This, of course, would include the large screen, high definition plasma TV

00:13:37 that I hope to buy this fall, with the approval of my wife.

00:13:41 At least it was worth a try.

00:13:47 In fact, I recently saw a statistic that said

00:13:50 the cost of processing power has continued at steady decline.

00:13:53 In 1978, a million instructions per second cost $480.

00:13:57 This price tag dropped to $50 in 1985,

00:14:01 and just $4 in 1995, and it continues to drop.

00:14:05 We have Dr. Moore's vision and inspiration

00:14:08 to thank for these advancements in processing power,

00:14:11 and I personally have to thank him for my job.

00:14:14 If it weren't for Moore's Law constantly pushing for more speed

00:14:17 and performance and perfection, I wonder what I would be doing,

00:14:20 as well as thousands of my colleagues,

00:14:23 probably not pursuing advances in electronic materials.

00:14:26 So thank you, Dr. Moore.

00:14:29 I also want to recognize my wife, Deneen, who is with me here today.

00:14:32 I first met Deneen during the initial development

00:14:35 of the terpolymer technology, and I'd like to thank her today

00:14:38 for her patience, as I was always late for our dates

00:14:41 because I was in the lab putting something in or out of the oven.

00:14:44 She really hated that oven.

00:14:47 During this time, Deneen was a senior product engineer

00:14:50 at Roman Haas Electronic Materials,

00:14:53 in charge of commercial products to support Intel.

00:14:56 So in both my personal and work life, Intel has played a large role.

00:14:59 In fact, we met on a flight to Santa Clara.

00:15:03 Deneen and our beautiful four-year-old daughter, Tatum,

00:15:06 are a constant source of support, joy, and inspiration to me.

00:15:09 As I was preparing my remarks for today,

00:15:12 I read a few other acceptance speeches from leaders in our industry.

00:15:15 After all, this type of recognition is new to me,

00:15:18 and I wanted to see how others have accepted significant awards.

00:15:21 As I read through some speeches,

00:15:24 I came across the remarks from Vince Colarco,

00:15:27 who received the International Palladium Medal last year.

00:15:31 In his acceptance speech, Vince quoted George Washington.

00:15:34 The first U.S. president said,

00:15:37 associate yourself with men of good quality,

00:15:40 if you esteem your own reputation,

00:15:43 for it is better to be alone than in bad company.

00:15:46 I like this quote because it perfectly sums up my feelings

00:15:49 about my work at Roman Haas Electronic Materials,

00:15:52 and specifically my work on terpolymer.

00:15:55 As I'm sure you all know, developing a new technology,

00:15:58 a new background, or a new product, or a major new formulation,

00:16:01 is never accomplished by one.

00:16:04 Rather, it is always the work of many talented people

00:16:07 coming together for a common goal.

00:16:10 People who have a shared sense of purpose,

00:16:13 who want to succeed as badly as you do,

00:16:16 and are willing to roll up their sleeve and get the job done.

00:16:19 To receive the SCI Gordon E. Moore Medal this afternoon is a great honor,

00:16:22 and I'm deeply touched to be its first awardee.

00:16:25 I'd like to thank the scientists, engineers, technicians,

00:16:28 and many other colleagues at Roman Haas,

00:16:31 and at some companies with whom we partnered.

00:16:34 Were it not for these incredibly talented individuals,

00:16:37 I most certainly would not be standing in front of you here today.

00:16:40 At the risk of missing a few names, and unfortunately I know I will,

00:16:43 let me mention those people who made a huge difference in our project.

00:16:46 From the original terpolymer team which initiated and developed the concept,

00:16:49 I'd like to recognize Mike Cronin,

00:16:52 a lithography engineer at Roman Haas,

00:16:55 who carried out our preliminary imaging studies,

00:16:58 and also Ron Dellaguardia, an IBM lithography engineer

00:17:01 who was Mike's counterpart on the team.

00:17:04 The three of us picked up my early idea to use a terpolymer concept

00:17:07 to control aqueous-based dissolution behavior, and we ran with it.

00:17:10 Together we worked on the first proof concept

00:17:13 to develop and fine-tune the idea,

00:17:16 and to understand how to manipulate the design concept

00:17:19 using the imaging of very fine features.

00:17:22 I like to think of myself as a reasonable chemist in a lab,

00:17:25 but for some reason no one allows me to touch a single button

00:17:28 on our multi-million dollar lithography equipment at our Marlborough site.

00:17:31 The thought of me in the fab room running this equipment

00:17:34 seems to make people panic and roll with laughter at the same time.

00:17:37 I'm not sure why.

00:17:40 So I'm very thankful for the skilled lithographers like Mike and Ron

00:17:43 who helped develop this chemistry.

00:17:47 From very early on, we worked closely with IBM

00:17:50 to develop this new terpolymer system,

00:17:53 and they too played a big part in our success.

00:17:56 Hiroshi Ito and Greg Brater, both from IBM,

00:17:59 were instrumental in the development of this technology.

00:18:02 Hiroshi, along with Grant Wilson from the University of Texas at Austin,

00:18:05 and Jean Fruchet from UC Berkeley,

00:18:08 were co-inventors of the acid-catalyzed deprotection chemistry

00:18:11 that is the basis for all present-day cutting-edge photoresist technology,

00:18:14 These gentlemen are leaders in the electronics materials area

00:18:17 and their collaboration was invaluable.

00:18:20 After the initial proof of concept, it was Jim Thackeray,

00:18:23 senior Roman Haas fellow and my manager,

00:18:26 who saw the intrinsic value of the terpolymer concept.

00:18:29 He led the DPV product development effort with a large formulation team

00:18:32 of chemists, lithographers, physicists, and a host of engineers

00:18:35 specializing in optics, engineering, and other disciplines.

00:18:38 Other colleagues at our Marlborough site

00:18:41 who played very important roles include Jim Cameron,

00:18:44 chemist, expert in photoacid generator, and fellow Scot,

00:18:47 Roger Sinta, principal chemist and manager,

00:18:50 Tim Adams, Uday Kumar, Ashish Pandya,

00:18:53 chemists who played tremendous synthetic roles,

00:18:56 George Ursula and Mike Morey,

00:18:59 who brought expertise in formulation lithography,

00:19:02 and finally Tracy Lindsay, an application engineer

00:19:05 who worked closely with our key customers to ensure our products

00:19:08 met expectations and specifications.

00:19:11 And I don't want to forget the skilled engineers involved in scale-up

00:19:14 and supply of our polymer system.

00:19:17 Without their considerable effort, the commercial success of this

00:19:20 polymer system surely would not have been possible.

00:19:23 In particular, I want to mention Bob Hoyman,

00:19:26 who played a vital role in development and supply of this polymer,

00:19:29 and also Jim Sunick from DuPont Electronic Materials,

00:19:32 who worked closely with us to develop the manufacturing process.

00:19:35 As I hope you can tell, there was a very large team of talented people

00:19:38 working on this technology with me,

00:19:41 and they all deserve recognition for their expertise and commitment.

00:19:44 So what is terpolymer,

00:19:47 and why is it important to lithography in the semiconductor industry?

00:19:50 I'm going to get a little bit technical here.

00:19:53 The principal driver for the development of terpolymer

00:19:56 was surprisingly Moore's Law.

00:19:59 That is, developing photoresist systems to meet the requirements

00:20:02 for imaging smaller and smaller features

00:20:05 throughout the semiconductor device,

00:20:08 from the critical polysilicon gate layer

00:20:11 to the various metal interconnects.

00:20:14 At present, we are imaging 100 nanometer features using 248 lithography,

00:20:17 and to put this in perspective,

00:20:20 100 nanometers is roughly a tenth of the size of a human chromosome.

00:20:23 One of the critical criteria for advanced lithologic technology,

00:20:27 which encompasses microprocessors such as the Intel Pentium,

00:20:30 or IBM PowerPC, or AMD Athlon,

00:20:33 is the ability to print these very small features through pitch.

00:20:36 This involves printing densely packed features at the same time

00:20:39 as less dense structures and isolated structures.

00:20:42 The aerial image for the various feature types differs greatly,

00:20:45 and as a result, the amount of light reaching the wafer plane

00:20:48 is dependent upon feature density.

00:20:51 Since we are relying upon photochemistry to change the dissolution properties

00:20:54 of the photoresist film, it was possible to print dense features

00:20:57 or isolated features, but very difficult to print both at the same time.

00:21:00 The ability to image very small features through pitch

00:21:03 with good overlapping process window

00:21:06 is key for a number of our key customers,

00:21:09 such as Intel, IBM, Texas Instruments, AMD,

00:21:12 Samsung, and Toshiba, to name a few.

00:21:15 This was a key problem that led to the development

00:21:18 of the Ter-Polymer system.

00:21:21 The idea we developed was to invent a polymer system

00:21:24 in which you could custom design at the molecular level

00:21:27 the aqueous-based dissolution properties for the specific device application.

00:21:30 Up until this time, partially blocked homopolymers and copolymers

00:21:33 of 4-hydroxystyrene had been used in 248 lithography

00:21:36 with limited success for this application.

00:21:39 Through the appropriate choice of ballast group,

00:21:42 we designed Ter-Polymer systems that enabled the fine control

00:21:45 of the dissolution properties of the exposed and unexposed areas

00:21:48 of the photoresist film.

00:21:51 However, defining the correct ballast group, balancing hydrophilicity,

00:21:54 hydrophobicity, and size were not trivial,

00:21:57 and this took a lot of effort from the team.

00:22:00 Once we identified the correct ballast group styrene,

00:22:03 the effect of the molecular composition of the polymer

00:22:06 on controlling dissolution behavior and lithography was investigated.

00:22:09 Since its initial development, the Ter-Polymer concept

00:22:12 has been used extensively in 248 microlithography

00:22:15 and optimized for use in a number of photoresist products

00:22:18 at Roman Haas and other companies too.

00:22:21 At present, the Ter-Polymer system has shown extendability

00:22:24 as one of the lead candidates for next-generation lithography

00:22:27 such as extreme ultraviolet exposure targeting the 32nm node.

00:22:32 Using extreme UV, proof-of-concept imaging has been obtained

00:22:35 using a Ter-Polymer down to 30nm.

00:22:39 I can still remember the first lithography that we obtained

00:22:42 from one of the initial optimized Ter-Polymer systems.

00:22:45 Jim Thackeray, the manager of the 248 development group,

00:22:48 excitedly showed images of both dense and isolated features

00:22:51 and exclaimed, I still have an isolated line.

00:22:54 I can make a business out of this stuff.

00:22:57 Prior to this promising lithography, there had been a lot of

00:23:00 quote bad results, but as scientists we all know

00:23:03 that there are no bad results, only experimental results

00:23:06 that you learn from and lead you hopefully down the correct path.

00:23:10 At times it's hard to stick with your original concept,

00:23:13 given all the pressures involved in this fast-paced business,

00:23:16 but that's just part of the innovation cycle and industry.

00:23:20 In this situation, my advice is to let the science and data

00:23:23 keep you focused on your objective, and more often than not

00:23:26 it will lead you to your goal.

00:23:28 And that brings me to my final comment.

00:23:31 I've been asked several times, often by chemists who are

00:23:34 entering their careers, what is the key to success in this industry?

00:23:38 I'm not sure I'm any more qualified to answer that question

00:23:41 than anyone else who's been in the business for 10 to 15 years.

00:23:45 In the electronics industry, a decade is a very long time,

00:23:48 with a lot of platforms that come and go,

00:23:51 and you become seasoned very quickly.

00:23:54 However, if I had to offer advice in a word to a new chemist,

00:23:57 I'd suggest that he or she memorize the word commitment

00:24:00 and apply it to nearly everything they do.

00:24:03 Commitment to innovation, never taking your eye off the next

00:24:06 breakthrough that's just around the corner, or several years

00:24:09 down the road. Commitment to teamwork, understanding that

00:24:12 without the high quality people working with you,

00:24:15 your ability to succeed and grow is severely limited.

00:24:18 And perhaps most importantly, your commitment to your

00:24:21 very own convictions. Our industry needs technology leaders

00:24:24 who are willing to push conventional wisdom to its limits,

00:24:27 who aren't afraid to take technology to the face of a mountain,

00:24:30 look up and have the intellectual and personal commitment

00:24:33 to figure out, against all odds, how to ascend to the next plateau.

00:24:38 I think tomorrow's successful scientists will be those individuals

00:24:41 who emulate the same kind of passion and convictions

00:24:44 that Dr. Moore demonstrated when his Moore Law

00:24:47 was set into motion technical advances that continue

00:24:50 even today to bog their mind.

00:24:53 Ladies and gentlemen, members of the MEDL committee

00:24:56 and the SCI Executive Committee, and Dr. Moore,

00:24:59 I am deeply grateful for this prestigious honor

00:25:02 on behalf of all my team members on TechPolymer

00:25:05 and my colleagues at Roman Haas Company, I thank you very much.

00:25:32 Thank you.

00:25:51 Thank you, George, for your remarks.

00:25:54 And I'd like to add my congratulations to everybody else's

00:25:57 for your wonderful achievement.

00:26:00 My name is Jeff Lipton,

00:26:03 and I'm here to introduce Governor Rendell,

00:26:06 who is not sitting at the end of the table.

00:26:12 We understand through the magic of transistors

00:26:15 that he will be here in five minutes,

00:26:18 at which time I'll get back up again and introduce the governor.

00:26:21 So please enjoy another cup of coffee,

00:26:24 and we'll be back with you in just a few moments.

00:26:27 The use of sound science

00:26:30 on safety, health, and environmental issues

00:26:33 that affected our industry.

00:26:36 And his response was very simple.

00:26:39 He said he had his wedding

00:26:42 about 31 years before we talked

00:26:45 at the DuPont Country Club in Wilmington, Delaware.

00:26:51 And they had been very well trained by his wife

00:26:55 and her father, who was a long-time DuPont executive,

00:26:59 about the importance of sound science

00:27:02 and the benefits chemistry brings to the world.

00:27:06 And so I was convinced.

00:27:09 And I have to tell you that since that discussion,

00:27:12 the governor has clearly demonstrated his support

00:27:16 for chemical-based industry in Pennsylvania,

00:27:19 and I am very, very pleased that he could be with us

00:27:22 on this first of many meetings of scientists

00:27:25 and industry leaders in his city, Philadelphia.

00:27:29 Governor, welcome.

00:27:41 Thank you. Thank you very much, and thank you, Jeff.

00:27:44 And I do remember that, and let me just start by responding.

00:27:48 I think one of the most important components

00:27:51 of any executive office in politics,

00:27:54 mayor, governor, whatever,

00:27:57 is the ability and the willingness to lead.

00:28:01 It's not always the ability. It's the willingness to lead.

00:28:04 And often that willingness to lead

00:28:07 translates into trying to persuade people

00:28:10 to accept things that either they're afraid of

00:28:14 or fearful of or skeptical of

00:28:17 or in some cases accept things that they don't want to do.

00:28:21 When I became mayor here in Philadelphia,

00:28:24 we faced the worst budget deficit

00:28:27 that any American city had ever faced

00:28:30 in terms of percentage of revenue.

00:28:33 And we had to do some very difficult things.

00:28:36 Basically, we had to spend the first 18 months

00:28:39 saying no to everybody.

00:28:42 And my message was that if the people of Pennsylvania,

00:28:45 excuse me, of Philadelphia,

00:28:49 how many times have I said governor of Philadelphia?

00:28:52 Not a very wise thing to say.

00:28:55 I said if the people of Philadelphia

00:28:58 were willing to accept short-run pain

00:29:01 and we did the things we had to do,

00:29:04 we could envision and hope

00:29:07 to all experience long-term gain.

00:29:10 And it turned out that because,

00:29:13 not just because I'm so persuasive,

00:29:16 I was so bad in Philadelphia at that time,

00:29:19 that people accepted that.

00:29:22 And one of the best and most joyful things I did

00:29:25 in my eight years was to virtually every interest group,

00:29:28 and when I say interest group,

00:29:31 I don't mean it in a demeaning fashion.

00:29:34 Most interest groups are interest groups

00:29:37 because they want something that is beneficial.

00:29:40 To most of the interest groups that we spent 18 months

00:29:43 as mayor, we were able to say yes to them

00:29:46 and yes to them at a level beyond

00:29:49 their wildest expectations and mine.

00:29:52 So I believe that that leadership is important.

00:29:55 We have an issue, just to play off of what Jeff,

00:29:58 the story Jeff told you,

00:30:01 where we need to take

00:30:04 dredge material

00:30:07 from the rivers,

00:30:10 the Delaware, for example, and place it somewhere.

00:30:13 Sometimes it has a beneficial reuse.

00:30:16 For example, the Navy Yard needs it to help build up foundation.

00:30:19 But sometimes it has no beneficial use, no positive use,

00:30:22 and you have to put it in, and we're trying to put it

00:30:25 into some abandoned mines

00:30:28 in sections of northeast Pennsylvania.

00:30:31 And I said it has no beneficial use.

00:30:34 It actually does because it buttresses those abandoned mines.

00:30:37 It stops the possibility of people, usually children,

00:30:40 going into those mines and having serious

00:30:43 and sometimes life-taking accidents.

00:30:46 And it presents no real scientific danger

00:30:49 to them in any way.

00:30:52 But because it's dredge material or often called

00:30:55 by the name of sludge, people react very badly to it.

00:30:58 And in fact, filling in the mines with sludge

00:31:01 helps us deal with problems like acid mine drainage

00:31:04 and the like. It's actually the right thing.

00:31:07 It's not only the right thing because we need to get rid of the material,

00:31:10 but it's the right thing. It's a positive result.

00:31:13 People, you know, fear the unknown

00:31:16 and they fear terms like dredge

00:31:19 or material or whatever.

00:31:22 You have to persevere. You have to persevere.

00:31:25 And too many people in our business demagogue it.

00:31:28 They just say, you know, it's the old Voltaire quote,

00:31:31 my people are going so I can lead them.

00:31:34 And there's too much.

00:31:37 I think Voltaire said it a little better than that.

00:31:40 And so sound science exists.

00:31:47 And I'm going to talk when I get into the serious part of my speech

00:31:50 and my speech is going to be brief.

00:31:53 But when I do, I'm going to talk about clean coal technology.

00:31:56 Well, if you polled a lot of people,

00:32:00 my good friends in the environmental movement, and they are my good friends,

00:32:03 and as Jeff knows, I got the unanimous endorsement of all of them.

00:32:06 They don't believe there's such a thing as clean coal technology.

00:32:09 Well, they're wrong.

00:32:12 And clean coal technology may hold the key

00:32:15 for not only the future of business and economic growth

00:32:18 here in Pennsylvania, but maybe perhaps throughout the entire nation.

00:32:21 And you have to persevere and you have to continue

00:32:24 to try to persuade and you have to continue.

00:32:28 And sometimes you have to say, okay, I've explained it to you.

00:32:31 If you don't buy it, the next election is November 7, 2006.

00:32:34 And you'll have your chance to vote against me.

00:32:37 And that's all you can do.

00:32:40 But that's what I believe leadership is about.

00:32:43 Not only taking right positions, but taking difficult positions

00:32:46 and trying to make people understand about those positions.

00:32:49 Well, in any event, welcome to Philadelphia.

00:32:52 And it's great news that this meeting is going to be held

00:32:56 at least for the foreseeable future here in Philadelphia.

00:32:59 I spent, as Jeff said, eight years as mayor of Philadelphia.

00:33:02 And those were wonderful, joyful, and prideful years.

00:33:05 Pride in what we accomplished together as a city.

00:33:08 And I greeted virtually, I tried to greet virtually every group,

00:33:11 every conference, every exhibition that came into the city.

00:33:14 I spent more time in the convention center than I did at home.

00:33:17 And I would always try to give the group some handy tips.

00:33:21 You know, for example, if you're going to be around for a few days,

00:33:24 the National Center for the Constitution is absolutely spectacular.

00:33:27 And you shouldn't miss it.

00:33:30 You shouldn't leave Philadelphia without visiting it.

00:33:33 If you saw all of the exhibits, and they're all interactive,

00:33:36 it would take you 17 1⁄2 hours.

00:33:39 But in one hour, you can see the 17 1⁄2-minute opening show.

00:33:42 It's a show with live actors as well as film and video.

00:33:45 And it's a great show.

00:33:49 And it's an incredibly moving experience.

00:33:52 And then the exhibits, and there's a signers' hall

00:33:55 where there's an exact sculpture,

00:33:58 the exact height and size and dimension of all of the signers

00:34:01 of the Constitution and the three who declined to sign,

00:34:04 the three members of the Constitutional Convention who declined to sign.

00:34:07 And it's really fascinating.

00:34:10 The whole center is just a great experience.

00:34:13 That would be my tip to all of you.

00:34:17 But I also try to give you just some general Philadelphia tips.

00:34:21 And you may have heard that we have become a great restaurant city,

00:34:25 often by a number of publications ranked as the best restaurant city

00:34:29 in the country with good restaurants per capita.

00:34:33 And I think that's true, although I think there are other cities

00:34:36 that would strongly contest that we are the best restaurant city

00:34:39 in the country.

00:34:42 But there is no doubt about our other designation,

00:34:45 the best food capital of the country,

00:34:48 with soft pretzels, tasty cakes, and of course,

00:34:51 the mother of all junk food, the Philadelphia cheesesteak.

00:34:55 Now, I want to advise you that you should,

00:34:58 for those of you who are not Philadelphians,

00:35:01 you should not leave without having a real Philadelphia cheesesteak.

00:35:04 If you're staying at a hotel like the Four Seasons has a cheesesteak

00:35:07 on the menu, not even close, not even close.

00:35:10 You have to go to a real cheesesteak place,

00:35:13 like we have today in South Philadelphia.

00:35:16 And if you're sitting there saying,

00:35:19 well, what's the big deal about a cheesesteak?

00:35:22 It's steak and cheese and a roll, and you can get that anywhere.

00:35:25 Well, respectfully, that would be wrong.

00:35:28 And the reason it would be wrong is because people who try to make

00:35:31 cheesesteaks, and I traveled to every city in the country

00:35:34 in my year as Democratic National Chairman in 2000,

00:35:37 and people make the same mistakes outside of Philadelphia.

00:35:41 First mistake they make is that they use good meat,

00:35:44 and you cannot use good meat in making a Philadelphia cheesesteak.

00:35:53 You have to use the fattiest, stringiest meat you can get.

00:35:56 Second mistake, and again, this is understandable from the name,

00:35:59 is in other parts of the country they actually use real cheese.

00:36:05 You can't use real cheese.

00:36:08 You can't use cheese whiz because only cheese whiz gets into the nooks

00:36:11 and crannies of the cheesesteak.

00:36:14 And the last thing, and the thing that we Philadelphians find

00:36:17 the most stunning of all, is many people all around the country

00:36:20 like grilled or fried onions on the cheesesteak.

00:36:24 But in other parts of the country, they actually,

00:36:27 before they take the fried onions from the pan or the grill

00:36:30 and put them on the bread, they actually drain off the grease.

00:36:34 So you can only get a real Philadelphia cheesesteak here.

00:36:40 You should definitely have one, but the Surgeon General requires us

00:36:43 to warn you, you should only have one.

00:36:46 Now, I have to tell you, I know you all know this,

00:36:51 but this is an organization that is a serious organization.

00:36:54 I mean, they really mean business.

00:36:57 Not that being a governor is a big deal,

00:37:00 but I got a letter from the organization telling me

00:37:03 what the program would be.

00:37:06 And there wasn't any guile or attempted subtlety here.

00:37:10 It says George Barkley will give his acceptance speech,

00:37:13 15 to 17 minutes.

00:37:16 Jeff Clifton will introduce the governor.

00:37:19 The governor will say, quote, a few words.

00:37:23 Now, we governors are not used to being treated like that,

00:37:27 but fortunately, I can give you my message in a very few words.

00:37:33 But it is a serious message.

00:37:37 And I was actually very honored when,

00:37:40 at the Democratic Convention, the Kerry campaign asked me

00:37:43 to deliver a speech about alternative energy

00:37:46 because it is something that we believe in very deeply

00:37:49 here in Pennsylvania.

00:37:52 And I think, in many ways, it holds the key

00:37:55 to American competitiveness as we look forward

00:37:58 to the next several decades.

00:38:01 For a whole number of reasons,

00:38:04 I think we cannot continue on as a country

00:38:07 solely dependent on foreign oil for our energy sources

00:38:10 or the combination of foreign oil and natural gas

00:38:13 because you've seen what's happened.

00:38:16 No one knows better than your industry

00:38:19 what's happened to natural gas prices.

00:38:22 And we have to be the leader

00:38:25 in developing alternative forms of energy

00:38:28 for many reasons, not the least of which is

00:38:31 the country that really gets it

00:38:34 and starts developing these alternative sources of energy

00:38:37 will have a tremendous economic boom.

00:38:40 The jobs that that will produce,

00:38:43 the exports that allow them to come up with,

00:38:46 it will be very, very significant.

00:38:49 We have to develop alternative sources of energy

00:38:52 and lower the costs of energy to American business.

00:38:55 That is enormously important to you

00:38:58 and it is enormously important to me.

00:39:01 As the chemical industry folks in Pennsylvania know,

00:39:04 I took an unusual step.

00:39:07 We have a public utility commission

00:39:10 that is structured in a way to be as nonpartisan as possible.

00:39:13 The incoming governor gets an appointment one every year.

00:39:16 So you don't even get a majority of the commission

00:39:19 until the fall of your third year in office.

00:39:22 And by law, two of the five members

00:39:25 too much be from one party and three from the other.

00:39:28 I mean, they can be independents,

00:39:31 but no more than three from one party

00:39:34 and two are required from the other party.

00:39:37 And so I have one member of the PUC so far.

00:39:40 And so I have no ability to order the PUC to do anything,

00:39:43 no political ability to order the PUC to do anything.

00:39:46 But I took an unusual step about 10 days ago

00:39:52 in having a press conference and sending a letter to the PUC

00:39:56 asking them to reverse the decision they made.

00:39:59 And it is a somewhat complex decision,

00:40:02 but it essentially voided an agreement

00:40:06 between Duquesne Light and its industrial suppliers,

00:40:10 excuse me, its industrial users

00:40:13 for a fixed price of energy for a six-year period.

00:40:17 And it put them on a variable price ratio

00:40:21 that's fixed on hourly rates

00:40:24 and subject to all sorts of market fluctuations.

00:40:27 And the industrial users contacted me and went nuts

00:40:30 and even the utility company went nuts.

00:40:33 And it makes no sense.

00:40:36 It's key to your competitiveness.

00:40:39 It's absolutely essential for you to have

00:40:42 at least a significant idea.

00:40:45 That has to be a fixed cost that can't fluctuate

00:40:48 and can't vary or else it destroys your ability to plan,

00:40:51 your ability to price, your ability to do so many things.

00:40:54 So the PUC voided that

00:40:57 and I sent them a letter asking them to reconsider

00:41:01 and allow the agreement to go forward

00:41:04 because this one agreement,

00:41:07 it's only with one utility agreement company,

00:41:10 but there are what's called a provider of the last resort.

00:41:13 And it, to me, would be a precedent

00:41:16 for every provider of the last resort.

00:41:19 Tremendously damaging for industrial users.

00:41:22 So we're very cognizant of that need.

00:41:25 But go back to alternate energy.

00:41:28 Take Pennsylvania.

00:41:31 We have to use the waste on the ground here in Pennsylvania

00:41:34 to virtually fuel and heat

00:41:37 this nation's homes for the next 90 years.

00:41:40 We have to find the technology to use it.

00:41:43 Pennsylvania is doing a number of things.

00:41:46 We're putting grants together.

00:41:49 We have a program called the Energy Harvest Program

00:41:52 where we give grants to businesses

00:41:55 who are trying to develop alternative technologies for fuel.

00:41:59 And coal gases that turn into a form of natural gas

00:42:03 that can replace natural gas for your use.

00:42:06 Coal that can be used, coal waste,

00:42:09 Reliant Energy has got a plant in Indiana County

00:42:14 that takes coal waste from 77 different piles

00:42:18 in southwestern Pennsylvania.

00:42:21 Some of those piles are like small mountains

00:42:24 and it takes that coal waste and it is turning it

00:42:27 into enough energy to heat and light 400,000 homes

00:42:30 on the southwest power grid.

00:42:33 Coal waste.

00:42:36 In the northeast section, in the anthracite coal section,

00:42:39 we're using coal waste.

00:42:42 There's a program that the U.S. Department of Energy,

00:42:45 both the Clinton and Bush administrations have funded

00:42:48 and the states put in money to develop a program

00:42:51 to take coal waste and coal itself to liquefy it,

00:42:54 to use a non-sulfur diesel fuel for trucks and cars.

00:42:59 Again, these are clean coal technologies

00:43:03 and the technology continues to get better.

00:43:06 And again, there are skeptics

00:43:09 and there are people who think it can't be done

00:43:12 but these technologies are working,

00:43:15 they're continuing to get better

00:43:18 and the sky is the limit for us.

00:43:21 I'm not even talking about the traditional alternative

00:43:24 sources of energy, wind power, solar power.

00:43:27 Pennsylvania is very close to inking a contract

00:43:30 with the largest wind power producer in the world,

00:43:33 a Spanish company, to bring a manufacturing plant

00:43:36 to manufacture the wind turbines.

00:43:43 Is that what they're called, the individual thing?

00:43:46 To manufacture the wind turbines here in Pennsylvania

00:43:49 to make significant wind farms.

00:43:52 We're right now the number one wind producer

00:43:55 east of the Mississippi in part because we're a state

00:43:58 that has very high elevation

00:44:01 but we want to continue to drive that process.

00:44:04 I've already ordered all state facilities

00:44:08 by the year 2010 to be using 20% of their energy

00:44:13 from alternative energy sources.

00:44:16 We're seeking to become the 13th state in the union

00:44:19 to have what's called advanced portfolio standards

00:44:22 and those advanced portfolio standards would require

00:44:25 our utilities by the year 2010 to have 10%

00:44:28 of the fuel they use to produce their power

00:44:31 to come from alternative sources of energy.

00:44:34 I think this is a desperately important battle for America.

00:44:39 It is a desperate effort and an effort

00:44:42 that I think has to succeed for energy independence

00:44:45 and energy competitiveness.

00:44:48 The more sources of energy we can produce in this country,

00:44:51 the lower your energy bills are going to be.

00:44:54 The lower your energy bills are going to be,

00:44:57 the more competitive you'll be in the global marketplace.

00:45:00 It's as simple as that.

00:45:03 It's very serious business and I don't think Washington

00:45:06 has come to grips with it.

00:45:09 Interestingly, some of the most interesting work

00:45:12 on developing alternative sources of energy

00:45:15 is being done in the states.

00:45:18 California spends as much money

00:45:21 on developing alternative automobile fuels,

00:45:24 as much money in their budget every year

00:45:27 as the federal government does and hopefully

00:45:30 we can get the federal government to wake up

00:45:33 and see that energy independence is not only

00:45:36 a tremendous political benefit to the country

00:45:39 as well.

00:45:42 Jeff and I and some members of your industry

00:45:45 have had discussions about this,

00:45:48 how we can continue to even free up

00:45:51 natural gas resources in Pennsylvania

00:45:54 but also develop alternatives like coal bed methane

00:45:57 that can be used for natural gas.

00:46:00 We're about to launch our first coal bed methane plant

00:46:03 in north central Pennsylvania as well.

00:46:06 This is something that I think we all ought to be cognizant of.

00:46:09 All Americans, business people, individual citizens

00:46:12 ought to get behind a real serious effort

00:46:15 to produce alternative energy sources.

00:46:18 If we do it, it'll mean nothing but good things for the country.

00:46:21 Thanks for inviting me.

00:46:24 It's been a pleasure to speak here.

00:46:27 If you invite me next year, as the governor of California

00:46:30 would say, I'll be back.

00:46:33 Thank you.

00:46:51 Thank you very much.

00:46:54 Now that you've shared the secret of Philadelphia chili cheesesteak,

00:46:57 I think there'll be a lot more competition.

00:47:00 Thank you also for sharing a very important message.

00:47:03 I think we have, going back to the seminar, Arnold,

00:47:06 1.30, and a number of you will be there

00:47:09 at the Perkin Medal Award this evening.

00:47:12 Thank you for being here, and congratulations against George,

00:47:15 and thank you, Gordon, for giving this medal today.