Centuries ago, alchemists sought to uncover nature’s “secrets” and unlock the hidden potential of matter. They pursued healing elixirs, searched for the legendary philosophers’ stone, and tested the possibility that one substance could be transformed into another—pursuing, most famously, the elusive transformation of lead into gold.
The Science History Institute’s new permanent exhibition, Fire and Gold: The Art of Alchemy (1450-1850), draws on the museum and library’s extensive collection of European paintings and rare books to transport visitors back to a time when chemistry was chymistry, when alchemists explored the transformation of matter through experimentation, secrecy, and coded language. Fire and Gold takes visitors from underground mines into cluttered workshops and fiery laboratories, where they experimented with metals and minerals, controlled heat, and developed processes such as distillation.
Select items from the exhibit have been digitized.
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The Alchemist
- 1700s
In this fanciful scene, an alchemist stands near a hot crucible, dropping a scorpion into the mixture while flames and smoke billow outwards. Simply dressed, the alchemist wears a protective apron and a tall red cap. On…
- Artist Schmidt, Martin Johann, 1718-1801
- Subject Alchemy, Alchemists, Laboratories
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The Alchemists Interior
- 1600s
Interior scene of a group of alchemists analyzing metals and taking notes at a table with other figures working nearby.
- School Of Wyck, Thomas, approximately 1616-1677
- Subject Alchemists, Alchemy in art, Alchemy
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An Alchemist's Laboratory
- 1800s
Painting titled An Alchemist's Laboratory, depicts a bearded alchemist in a monk-like robe studying an open text on his lap. Beside him, an open furnace provides a warm orange glow of leaping flames and a thin trail of…
- Artist Muller, Karl Friedrich
- Subject Alchemy, Alchemists, Alchemy in art, Workshops
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609 items
Georgii Agricolae de re metallica libri XII
- Agricola de re metallica
- 1556-Mar
De re metallica, or On the Nature of Metals [Minerals], published in 1556, documents leading knowledge and practices of its time in mining, refining, and smelting metals and includes 273 woodcut illustrations. At the…
- Author Agricola, Georg, 1494-1555
- Printer Episcopius, Nicolaus, 1501-1564, Froben, Hieronymus, 1501-1563
- Artist Manuel, Hans Rudolf, 1525-1571
- Subject Zoology, Metallurgy, Mineral industries, Engineering
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64 items
Mundus subterraneus : in XII libros digestus
- Quo divinum subterrestris mundi opificium, mira ergasteriorum naturae in eo distributio, verbo pantamorphon protei regnum, universae denique naturae majestas et divitiae summa rerum varietate exponuntur.
- 1665
A first edition work, with two volumes bound in one folio, by Athanasius Kircher (1602–1680), a German Jesuit scholar who published many extensive works on scientific, religious, and other subjects. Dubbed the “Master…
- Author Kircher, Athanasius, 1602-1680
- Publisher Janssonium, Joannem
- Contributor Elizeum, Weyerstraten
- Subject Alchemy, Kircher, Athanasius, 1602-1680, Natural history, Mines and mineral resources, Scientific apparatus and instruments, Hydrography, Earth sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanoes, Earth (Planet)
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Alchemists at work
- After 1620 – before 1690
The alchemist pauses in his work to glance over one shoulder at the distillation experiments in progress beside him. A multi-level furnace supports an alembic and receiver. A small text, perhaps a recipe collection or…
- Manner Of Teniers, David, 1610-1690
- Subject Teniers, David, 1610-1690, Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art
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The Alchemist
- 1800 – 1899
A man dressed in peasant garb holds a gold scale in right hand and reaches with left for red substance in open paper packet. At left through window are building roofs; the light illuminates a dark, cluttered workshop…
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The Scholar
- Circa 1640 – 1677
In the warm light of a left-hand window, a scholar sits absorbed in his work. His desk is topped with a wooden lectern, small vials and vessels, a globe, and an apothecary's jar with a red cloth lid. The room in which…
- Artist Wijck, Thomas
- Subject Apothecary jars, Globes, Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art, Wijck, Thomas
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An Alchemist's Laboratory
- 1700s
A bearded alchemist sits in the midst of a bustling workshop, tending a small brazier of coals with a hand-bellows. Objects for metalworking- including an anvil, crucible, furnace and hammer- are joined by vessels for…
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An alchemist in his studio
- Circa 1640 – 1677
The alchemist's workroom, cluttered with broken vessels and scattered papers, is lit with warm yellow light from the double window at left. Through a large archway we see the alchemist at work by his desk, studiously…
- Artist Wijck, Thomas, 1616-1677
- Subject Wijck, Thomas, 1616-1677, Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art
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The Alchemist
- 1700s
A bearded, seated alchemist, wearing glasses and bright red shirt, bends over an open book on a desk stacked high with a mess of papers and glassware. The trail of books continues to the ground with broken and unbroken…
- Artist van Helmont, Mattheus
- Subject Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art, van Helmont, Mattheus
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An alchemist and his assistant
- 1600s
Warm light from an open window at left falls on the seated figure of an alchemist and his standing assistant. The alchemist glances up from his writing, quill in hand, as his assistant carries in a small vessel. On the…
- Artist Heerschop, Hendrik
- Subject Alchemists, Heerschop, Hendrick, Alchemy, Alchemy in art
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Alchemist with Monkey
- 1600 – 1799 (17th Century-18th Century)
The labors of an elderly alchemist are closely watched by a monkey which perches on the window above. The alchemist busies himself investigating samples wrapped in paper or notes in a cluttered workshop. The floor at…
- Manner Of Teniers, David, 1610-1690
- Subject Animals in art, Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art
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The Village Chemist
- 1760
A seated man with red furred cap writing at table covered with red carpet; a window at left; before him at extreme left a skull on a book. At right a large copper bowl, globe, chair and apparatus. Mid painting in middle…
- Artist Juncker, Justus, 1703-1767
- Subject Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art, Juncker, Justus, 1703-1767
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The Alchemist's Experiment Takes Fire
- 1687
The alchemist's experiment has erupted in a sudden fire, with glass shattering in midair and smoke billowing upward. The alchemist is seated awkwardly in his chair with a startled expression on his face, having turned…
- Artist Heerschop, Hendrik
- Subject Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art, Heerschop, Hendrik, Families in art
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A Man Filling Wet Drug Jars in an Apothecary Shop
- Circa 1650 – 1800
In the apothecary's workshop a man pours liquid from a jar into blue earthenware vessels. He is surrounded by copper bowls, jars, and sacks of endive and other herbs and vegetables likely used for medical preparations…
- Subject Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art
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2 items
The Alchemist and His Wife
- Circa 1928
When Chester Fisher commissioned this copy of a painting by David Ryckaert III (1612-1661), in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels, it was long assumed that the painting depicted the famous Nicolas…
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The Alchemist
- 1800s
A bearded man reading a book is standing in a great vaulted interior. A large window illuminates the room with warm daylight, reflecting against the glassware sparsely placed on upper shelves. At right, a long-necked…
- Artist Granet, François-Marius, 1775-1849
- Subject Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art
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An Alchemist's Workshop with Children Playing
- 1670 – 1702
The alchemist's wife looks on in dismay as the alchemist himself makes a demonstration before the furnace. Behind the couple, an assistant stokes the flames with a large bellows. At left, the alchemist's children play…
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Rijcke-Armoede
- Rich poverty
- 1632
A painting in brunaille, a monochromatic image in tones of brown. This painting shows a seated alchemist in peasant garb. In his hands he holds a crucible and a pair of tongs, working before the light of a glowing fire…
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Scholar Interrupted at His Writing
- An Alchemist in His Laboratory
- Undated
In this variation of a painting by Gerard Dou, a scholarly alchemist, wearing a fur-lined robe, gazes with directness at the viewer as he composes his note. Holding a small quill pen with an open text before him, the…
- After Dou, Gerard, 1613-1675
- Subject Dou, Gerard, 1613-1675, Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art, Vanitas (Art)
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An Alchemist at Work
- An Alchemist at Work, with a Mother by a Cradle Beyond
- 1600s
An alchemist seated at his desk glances down at his assistant, who works on the floor beside him. A globe and lectern indicate his scholarly studies. Large earthenware jars, jugs, and other vessels sit piled high beside…
- Artist Wyck, Thomas, approximately 1616-1677
- Subject Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art
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2 items
The Alchemist's Studio
- After 1600 – before 1800
This painting depicts a bustling and prosperous workshop showing a range of alchemical activities, from metallurgical work--such as the heating of a small crucible at lower left--to medical practices, demonstrated by…
- Artist Thomas, Gérard, 1663-1720
- Subject Alchemists, Alchemy, Alchemy in art, Thomas, Gérard, 1663-1720, Vanitas (Art)