Orange-toned photograph of a seated man at a table with an opened book. The man's gaze is directed at the viewer.

Metal plaque of Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932) in a fabric-covered picture frame. Ostwald is shown in profile. On the back of the frame is a handwritten note.

Ostwald was a German chemist and philosopher. In 1909, he…

Portrait of William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824-1907). William Thomson was a British mathematician, physicist, and engineer. He became Baron Kelvin in 1892 and the first British scientist to be elevated to the…

Engraving of Wilhelm Pfeffer (1845-1920). Pfeffer was a German botanist and pioneer in plant physiology. In 1887, he became a professor at the University of Leipzig and the director of its botanical garden.

Portrait of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853-1902) wearing a suit and a bow tie.

Lorentz was a Dutch physicist. In 1902, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943) for their discovery of the…

Portrait of Ernst Mach (1838 -1916) an Austrian physicist and philosopher.

Portrait of Robert Bunsen (1811-1899).

Bunsen, a German chemist, developed several techniques used for separating, identifying, and measuring chemical substances and is credited with the invention of the Bunsen burner.…

Portrait of Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839-1903). Gibbs, a Yale alumnus, was an American chemist and pioneer in the field of physical chemistry. Gibbs developed statistical mechanics and the concept of Gibbs free energy in…

Portrait of William Ramsay (1852-1916).

The Scottish chemist William Ramsay (1852–1916) is known for his work introducing the noble gases (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon) as a new group on the periodic…

Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786) was a German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist whose discoveries include oxygen and chlorine gas.

Jeremias Benjamin Richter (1762 – 1807) was a German chemist and mining official. He introduced the term stoichiometry, which is the study of the quantifiable relationships between two or more substances undergoing a…

Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779 - 1848) was a Swedish physician, chemist, and one of the founders of modern chemistry. He is particularly recognized for determining atomic weights in his experiments, which contributed to a…