Tourmaline is a semi-precious stone that can be found in a variety of colors based on the presence of iron, magnesium, or lithium. This tri-colored tourmaline is a result of impurity atoms that were incorporated while the crystal was forming.
Tourmaline's chemical structure is complex, but is generally written as X(Y,Z)₃Z₆(BO₃)₃(Si₆O₁₈)(OH)₄.
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Science History Institute. Tourmaline. Photograph, 2025. Science History Institute. Philadelphia. https://digital.sciencehistory.org/works/c3g90dw.
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