Portrait of William Ramsay (1852-1916).

The Scottish chemist William Ramsay (1852–1916) is known for his work introducing the noble gases (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon) as a new group on the periodic…

Engraving of Wilhelm Pfeffer (1845-1920). Pfeffer was a German botanist and pioneer in plant physiology. In 1887, he became a professor at the University of Leipzig and the director of its botanical garden.

Side profile of Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932).

Ostwald was a German chemist and philosopher. In 1909, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental…

Portrait of Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932), taken by Georg Brokesch's studio in Leipzig, Germany.

Ostwald was a German chemist and philosopher. In 1909, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on catalysis…

Portrait of W. A. Schmidt taken at Albert Blanck's studio in Leipzig, Germany.

Theodor von Grotthuss was a German chemist from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He is recognized for developing the first theory of electrolysis in 1806 and defining the first law of photochemistry in 1817. Grotthuss'…

Portrait of Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927).

Svante Arrhenius is known as one of the founders of Physical Chemistry. In 1903, Arrhenius was the third person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his electrolytic…

Portrait of Stanislao Cannizzaro (1826-1910).

Nicolas Léonard "Sadi" Carnot (1796 – 1832) was a French mechanical engineer, physicist, and early pioneer in the field of thermodynamics.

Postcard featuring a black and white portrait of Robert Wichard Pohl ( 1884-1976). Pohl was a German physicist and professor at the University of Göttingen. He is known for being a pioneer in the field of solid-state…

Portrait of Robert Bunsen (1811-1899).

Bunsen, a German chemist, developed several techniques used for separating, identifying, and measuring chemical substances and is credited with the invention of the Bunsen burner.…

Portrait of Robert Bunsen (1811-1899).

Bunsen, a German chemist, developed several techniques used for separating, identifying, and measuring chemical substances and is credited with the invention of the Bunsen burner.…

Portrait of Max Planck (1858-1947). Max Planck is known as the father of quantum theory. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918 for his discovery of energy quanta. Planck made significant contributions to the world…

Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779 - 1848) was a Swedish physician, chemist, and one of the founders of modern chemistry. He is particularly recognized for determining atomic weights in his experiments, which contributed to a…

Portrait of Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839-1903). Gibbs, a Yale alumnus, was an American chemist and pioneer in the field of physical chemistry. Gibbs developed statistical mechanics and the concept of Gibbs free energy in…

John Hall Gladstone (1827-1902) was a British chemist who worked on the bromination of rubber, optics, and
spectroscopy.

Portrait of Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (1824-1914).

Jeremias Benjamin Richter (1762 – 1807) was a German chemist and mining official. He introduced the term stoichiometry, which is the study of the quantifiable relationships between two or more substances undergoing a…

Portrait of Jacob Maarten van Bemmelen (1830-1911), a Dutch chemist who worked in agricultural chemistry.

Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) was a German mathematician and physician who made significant contributions to the fields of mathematical physics, optics, acoustics, physiology, and psychology. The Helmholtz…

Portrait of Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894).