Two essays printed by the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists. The first essay, Doctor Einstein's Mistaken Notions was written by four Soviet scientists, Sergei Vavilov (1891-1951), Alexander Naumovich Frumkin (1895-1976), Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (1880-1960), and Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (1896-1986). The essay was originally printed by the Moscow New Times in 1947.

Vavilov was a soviet physicist and the president of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union from 1945-1951. Frumkin was a Soviet electrochemist and the founder of the Russian journal Elektrokhimiya . Ioffe was a prominent soviet physicist and founder of many research laboratories in the USSR. Semyonov was a soviet physicist and chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1956 for his research in the mechanism of chemical reactions.

The second essay was a reply to the Soviet scientists written by Albert Einstein in 1948 and reprinted from the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists.

The Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists (ECAS) was founded by Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd (1898-1964) in 1946. Its aims were to warn the public of the dangers associated with the development of nuclear weapons, promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and ultimately work towards world peace, which was seen as the only way that nuclear weapons would not be used again. ECAS was active for four years, until 1950 when it was gradually disbanded, although most of the members continued to campaign against nuclear war, and participated in the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs.