Black and white photograph of chemists in a lecture hall posing in front of a blackboard and podium. The are identified as (back row, left to right) Arthur A. Noyes (1866 - 1936), Clement, Max Le Blanc (1865 - 1943),…

Clipping from the Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung, a German weekly illustrated magazine published in Berlin from 1892 to 1945. Berliner was the first mass-market German magazine and pioneered the format of the illustrated…

Portrait of Viktor Rothmund (1870-1927). Rothmund was an Austrian chemist and professor at the German University at Prague. He was a student under Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932) at the University of Leipzig with Georg…

Four copies of a black and white photograph featuring Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932) standing with colleagues in front of a blackboard. Identified in the photograph by handwritten annotations from left to right are Wagner,…

Eduard Buchner (1860-1917), a German chemist and zymologist who was awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation, informs Wilhelm Ostwald that he has discovered a remarkable property of…

Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927), a Swedish physicist, expresses gratitude to his colleague Georg Bredig (1868-1944) for a letter he received earlier. Arrhenius apologizes for the delayed response, citing recent…

Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927), a Swedish chemist and the Nobel Prize Winner for Chemistry in 1903, shares scientific data with his friend and colleague Georg Bredig (1868-1944).

Notes handwritten by Dutch physical chemist, Jacobus H. van’t Hoff (1852-1911). Van’t Hoff was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911 and is considered to be one of the lead pioneers of the field of…

Fading posed photograph of chemists at the University of Amsterdam, possibly at Jacobus van 't Hoff's (1852-1911) laboratory. Pictured standing, left to right are Thomas Ewan, Heinrich Jacob Goldschmidt (1857-1937),…

Black and white photograph of Georg Bredig (1868-1944) pictured standing on the left of his colleauges in Amsterdam.

Georg Bredig was a German physical chemist known for his work with catalysts, reaction kinetics,…

Group photograph showing chemists in Amsterdam. The pictured individuals are likely the students and colleagues of Jacobus van’t Hoff (1852-1911). Handwritten annotations identify the individuals from left to right as…

Diploma granting Georg Bredig (1868-1944) a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Leipzig. Bredig began studying physical chemistry at the University of Leipzig in 1889. He earned his doctorate in 1894.

Sepia-toned photograph showing an exterior view of the chemical laboratory building at the University of Amsterdam. The annotation beneath the photograph indicates that at the time of capture, Jacobus van't Hoff's…

Portrait of Richard Abegg (1869-1910), taken at Dahllöf Studio, Stockholm. Abegg was a German physical chemist known for his work in valence theory which led to the later octet rule. At the time this letter was…

Notes for a proposed lecture topic created by Jacobus van't Hoff (1852-1911) sent to Georg Bredig (1868-1944). The computations pertain to thermodynamics.

In 1894 Georg Bredig (1868-1944) began his post-doctoral studies with Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927). In this letter, Arrhenius expresses his happiness that Bredig will continue studying physical chemistry and invites him…

Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) writes to Georg Bredig (1868-1944) about coming to Stockholm to start working. In 1894, Bredig began his post-doctoral studies with Arrhenius.

Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff (1852-1911) writes to Georg Bredig (1868-1944) about working in his (van't Hoff's) laboratory.

Van't Hoff is considered to be one of the founding fathers of physical chemistry. In 1901…

Cover to an article commemorating Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794), who is widely considered the father of modern chemistry.

Jacobus van't Hoff (1852-1911) updates his colleague, Georg Bredig (1868-1944), on calculations for a recent lecture on temperature coefficients.

Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff (1852-1911) suggests that Georg Bredig (1868-1944) conduct a distillation experiment using a solution of two liquids with very different molecular weights.

Van't Hoff is considered to be…

Portrait of Ernst Cohen (1869-1944) by Koene & Büttinghausen in the Netherlands.

Ernst Cohen, a Dutch scientist and professor, was known for his research on the allotropy of tin. Cohen worked under Svante Arrhenius…

Portrait of Ernst Cohen (1869-1944) by Koene & Büttinghausen in the Netherlands.

Ernst Cohen, a Dutch scientist and professor, was known for his research on the allotropy of tin. Cohen worked under Svante Arrhenius…

Postcard of the Katarina Elevator in Stockholm, Sweden. The postcard, sent to Georg Bredig (1868-1944), is signed by well-known scientists such as Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927), Astronomer Gustav Kobb, Otto Berg (1873…